Toxicity of azoles towards the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process
Toxicity of azoles towards the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process
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DOI：
10.1002/jctb.6285
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发表时间：
2019-11
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Nivrutti Lakhey;Guangbin Li;R. Sierra-Alvarez;J. Field
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nivrutti Lakhey;Guangbin Li;R. Sierra-Alvarez;J. Field
背景：咪唑类化合物是一类重要的缓蚀剂，广泛应用于飞机除冰剂、冷却塔、半导体制造和家用洗碗剂等领域。它们也是药物和杀菌剂中的重要部分。偶氮化合物是水体中常见的一种广泛存在的新兴污染物。唑类化合物可能会对自然生态系统和废水处理过程中的关键生物过程造成抑制。特别令人关注的是，唑类化合物对硝化过程(氨的好氧氧化)的抑制。本研究考察了唑类化合物对厌氧氨氧化(Anammox)工艺的急性毒性，厌氧氨氧化工艺是一种重要的环境生物技术，在废水处理过程中获得了营养氮去除的吸引力。本研究采用间歇生物测定技术，对8种常见的唑类化合物的厌氧氨氧化毒性进行了评价。结果：1H-苯并三唑和5-甲基-1H-苯并三唑对Anammox过程的抑制作用最强，分别在19.6 mg和17.8 mg的浓度下使Anammox活性(IC₅₀)下降50%。1H-咪唑的毒性较小，其IC₅₀为79.4mgL⁻？在所测试的浓度下，其他唑类化合物对厌氧氨氧化细菌要么无毒(1H-吡唑、1H-1，2，4-三唑和1-甲基-吡唑)，要么最多对厌氧氨氧化细菌有轻度毒性(1H-苯并三唑-5-羧酸和3，5-二甲基-1H-吡唑)。结论：本研究表明，所测试的大多数唑类化合物对厌氧氨氧化细菌表现出轻微或低或没有毒性。研究发现，与硝化细菌相比，厌氧氨氧化细菌对唑类化合物的敏感度要低得多。2019中国化学工业学会
BACKGROUND: Azoles are an important class of compounds that are widely used as corrosion inhibitors in aircraft de‐icing agents, cooling towers, semiconductor manufacturing and household dishwashing detergents. They also are important moieties in pharmaceutical drugs and fungicides. Azoles are widespread emerging contaminants occurring frequently in water bodies. Azole compounds can potentially cause inhibition towards key biological processes in natural ecosystems and wastewater treatment processes. Of particular concern is the inhibition of azoles to the nitrification process (aerobic oxidation of ammonium). This study investigated the acute toxicity of azole compounds towards the anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) process, which is an important environmental biotechnology gaining traction for nutrient‐nitrogen removal during wastewater treatment. In this study, using batch bioassay techniques, the anammox toxicity of eight commonly occurring azole compounds was evaluated. RESULTS: The results show that 1H‐benzotriazole and 5‐methyl‐1H‐benzotriazole had the highest inhibitory effect on the anammox process, causing 50% decrease in anammox activity (IC₅₀) at concentrations of 19.6 and 17.8 mg L⁻¹, respectively. 1H‐imidazole caused less severe toxicity with an IC₅₀ of 79.4 mg L⁻¹. The other azole compounds were either nontoxic (1H‐pyrazole, 1H‐1,2,4‐triazole and 1‐methyl‐pyrazole) or at best mildly toxic (1H‐benzotriazole‐5‐carboxylic acid and 3,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazole) towards the anammox bacteria at the concentrations tested. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that most azole compounds tested displayed mild to low or no toxicity towards the anammox bacteria. The anammox bacteria were found to be far less sensitive to azoles compared to nitrifying bacteria. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry