Exposure assessment issues in epidemiology studies of phthalates.
Exposure assessment issues in epidemiology studies of phthalates.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envint.2015.08.005
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发表时间：
2015-12
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Meeker JD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johns LE;Cooper GS;Galizia A;Meeker JD
本文的目的是审查暴露评估问题，需要解决的邻苯二甲酸酯的流行病学研究的设计和解释，一类化学品中常用的消费品和个人护理产品。具体问题包括暴露的人群趋势、尿代谢物测量的时间可靠性以及单个尿样代表长期暴露的程度。本综述的重点是七种特定的邻苯二甲酸酯：邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）;邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯（DBP）;邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（DiBP）;邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯（BBzP）;邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）;邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯（DiNP）;和邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯（DiDP）。使用多种检索策略进行综合文献检索自2001年以来，美国和德国报告了DEP、BBzP、DBP和DEHP的人群暴露量下降，但中国的DEHP暴露量增加。虽然各种邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物的半衰期相对较短（3至18小时），邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物的组内相关系数（ICC），基于在一周到几个月内采集的现场和第一次晨尿样本，范围从弱到中等，具有较高ICC的趋势（时间稳定性更高）（DEP、DBP、DiBP和BBzP，ICC通常为0.3至0.6）与较长链的邻苯二甲酸酯（DEHP、DiNP、DiDP，ICC通常为0.1至0.3）相比。在生物标志物和不同类型的健康影响之间的关联研究中，需要对解决尿液稀释问题的最佳方法进行额外的研究。总之，尿液中代谢物浓度的测量可以作为环境流行病学研究中估计邻苯二甲酸酯暴露的有价值的方法。在解释研究结果时，需要仔细考虑这种方法的优势和局限性。
The purpose of this paper is to review exposure assessment issues that need to be addressed in designing and interpreting epidemiology studies of phthalates, a class of chemicals commonly used in consumer and personal care products. Specific issues include population trends in exposure, temporal reliability of a urinary metabolite measurement, and how well a single urine sample may represent longer-term exposure. The focus of this review is on seven specific phthalates: diethyl phthalate (DEP); di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP); diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP); butyl benzyl phthalate (BBzP); di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP); diisononyl phthalate (DiNP); and diisodecyl phthalate (DiDP). Comprehensive literature search using multiple search strategies Since 2001, declines in population exposure to DEP, BBzP, DBP, and DEHP have been reported in the United States and Germany, but DEHP exposure has increased in China. Although the half-lives of various phthalate metabolites are relatively short (3 to 18 hours), the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for phthalate metabolites, based on spot and first morning urine samples collected over a week to several months, range from weak to moderate, with a tendency toward higher ICCs (greater temporal stability) for metabolites of the shorter-chained (DEP, DBP, DiBP and BBzP, ICCs generally 0.3 to 0.6) compared with those of the longer-chained (DEHP, DiNP, DiDP, ICCs generally 0.1 to 0.3) phthalates. Additional research on optimal approaches to addressing the issue of urine dilution in studies of associations between biomarkers and different type of health effects is needed. In conclusion, the measurement of urinary metabolite concentrations in urine could serve as a valuable approach to estimating exposure to phthalates in environmental epidemiology studies. Careful consideration of the strengths and limitations of this approach when interpreting study results is required.