Mycobacterium tuberculosis and lipids: Insights into molecular mechanisms from persistence to virulence.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and lipids: Insights into molecular mechanisms from persistence to virulence.
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DOI：
10.4103/jrms.jrms_904_17
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ghazaei C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ghazaei C
结核分枝杆菌是一种导致结核病的病原体，在世界各地导致死亡。病原体除引起疾病表现外，还可进入潜伏期，稍后再出现。在与病原菌毒力有关的诸多因素中，构成芽孢杆菌细胞壁的脂质引起了人们的广泛关注。细胞壁的独特组成由霉菌酸、糖脂如二酰基海藻糖、聚酰基海藻糖、脂甘露聚糖、脂阿拉伯甘露聚糖（LAM）、甘露糖-LAM、磺胺类和海藻糖-6,6′-二mycolate组成，所有这些都与在宿主中为病原体提供优势有关。病原体也改变其脂肪酸的代谢，以在宿主的条件下生存，这反映在改变的细胞壁组成的脂质方面。此外，细胞壁的脂质谱已被证明可以调节宿主发起的免疫反应，特别是在抑制或产生炎症因子、细胞因子和吞噬细胞（如树突状细胞和巨噬细胞）方面。除了结核分枝杆菌外，本文还简要介绍了牛分枝杆菌的作用及其在人类结核病中的作用及其细胞壁的脂质谱。本文综述了结核分枝杆菌细胞壁的各种脂质及其在使病原体保持其进一步感染人类的毒力及其在宿主内的持久性中的作用。
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a causative agent of tuberculosis that causes deaths across the world. The pathogen apart from causing disease manifestations can also enter into a phase of latency to re-emerge later. Among the various factors associated with the virulence of pathogen, the lipids composing the cell wall of the bacillus have drawn much interest among. The unique composition of the cell wall composed of mycolic acid, glycolipids such as diacyltrehaloses, polyacyltrehalose, lipomannan, lipoarabinomannan (LAM), mannose-capped-LAM, sulfolipids, and trehalose-6,6’-dimycolate, all have been implicated in providing the pathogen an advantage in the host. The pathogen also alters its metabolism of fatty acids to survive the conditions in the host that is reflected in an altered cell wall composition in terms of lipids. In addition, the lipid profile of the cell wall has been shown to modulate the immune responses launched by the host, especially in the suppression, or production of inflammatory factors, cytokines, and phagocytic cells, such as dendritic cells and macrophages. Apart from M. tuberculosis, the paper also briefly looks at the role of Mycobacterium bovis and its role in tuberculosis in humans along with its lipid profile of its cell wall. This review aims to summarize the various lipids of the cell wall of M. tuberculosis along with their roles in enabling the pathogen to maintain its virulence to infect further humans and its persistence inside the host.