Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Iceland: Early introductions, transmission dynamics and recent outbreaks among injection drug users.
Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Iceland: Early introductions, transmission dynamics and recent outbreaks among injection drug users.
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冰岛 HIV-1 的分子流行病学：注射吸毒者的早期引入、传播动态和近期爆发。
DOI：
10.1016/j.meegid.2017.01.004
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Medstrand
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Malik Sallam;J. Esbjörnsson;G. Baldvinsdóttir;Hlynur Indriðason;T. Björnsdóttir;A. Widell;M. Gottfreðsson;A. Löve;P. Medstrand
迄今为止，冰岛HIV-1的分子流行病学尚未得到描述。对 HIV-1 动态的详细分析可以为预防病毒传播提供见解。本研究的目的是了解冰岛 HIV-1 的遗传多样性和传播动态。部分 HIV-1pol (1020 bp) 序列是从 230 个冰岛样本中生成的，占该国 1985 年至 2012 年报告的所有 HIV-1 感染者的 77%。为亚型/CRF 分配和传播簇的确定重建最大似然系统发育。时间和人口增长模式是在 BEAST 中确定的。冰岛的 HIV-1 感染以 B 亚型（63%，n = 145）为主，其次是 C 亚型（10%，n = 23）、CRF01_AE（10%，n = 22）、A1 亚型（7%，n = 15）和 CRF02_AG（7%，n = 15）。趋势分析显示，在研究期间，冰岛的非 B 亚型/CRF 有所增加 (p = 0.003)。系统发育聚类比例最高的是注射吸毒者（IDU；89%），其次是异性恋者（70%）和男男性行为者（35%）。最古老的 B 亚型簇的最近共同祖先的时间可以追溯到 1978 年（中值估计，95% 最高后验密度区间：1974-1981），表明 HIV-1 很早就引入了冰岛。先前报道的 2009 年至 2011 年注射吸毒者中 HIV-1 发病率的增加被揭示是由于两次单独的爆发所致。我们的研究表明，1985 年至 2012 年期间，冰岛流行多种 HIV-1 亚型和 CRF，其中 B 亚型在流行率和国内传播方面均占主导地位。冰岛发生重大经济危机后，注射吸毒者中 HIV-1 感染人数迅速增加，引发了人们对经济因素、吸毒和公共卫生之间的偶然联系的质疑。
The molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Iceland has not been described so far. Detailed analyses of the dynamics of HIV-1 can give insights for prevention of virus spread. The objective of the current study was to characterize the genetic diversity and transmission dynamics of HIV-1 in Iceland. Partial HIV-1pol(1020 bp) sequences were generated from 230 Icelandic samples, representing 77% of all HIV-1 infected individuals reported in the country 1985–2012. Maximum likelihood phylogenies were reconstructed for subtype/CRF assignment and determination of transmission clusters. Timing and demographic growth patterns were determined in BEAST. HIV-1 infection in Iceland was dominated by subtype B (63%, n = 145) followed by subtype C (10%, n = 23), CRF01_AE (10%, n = 22), sub-subtype A1 (7%, n = 15) and CRF02_AG (7%, n = 15). Trend analysis showed an increase in non-B subtypes/CRFs in Iceland over the study period (p = 0.003). The highest proportion of phylogenetic clustering was found among injection drug users (IDUs; 89%), followed by heterosexuals (70%) and men who have sex with men (35%). The time to the most recent common ancestor of the oldest subtype B cluster dated back to 1978 (median estimate, 95% highest posterior density interval: 1974–1981) suggesting an early introduction of HIV-1 into Iceland. A previously reported increase in HIV-1 incidence among IDUs 2009–2011 was revealed to be due to two separate outbreaks. Our study showed that a variety of HIV-1 subtypes and CRFs were prevalent in Iceland 1985–2012, with subtype B being the dominant form both in terms of prevalence and domestic spread. The rapid increase of HIV-1 infections among IDUs following a major economic crisis in Iceland raises questions about casual associations between economic factors, drug use and public health.
影响因子：
11.8
作者：
Aldous, Jeannette L.;Pond, Sergei Kosakovsky;Smith, Davey M.
通讯作者：
Smith, Davey M.