Muscles and their myokines
Muscles and their myokines
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DOI：
10.1242/jeb.048074
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Pedersen, Bente Klarlund
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Pedersen, Bente Klarlund
在过去，体育活动作为一种生活方式调节因素的作用被认为是平衡能量摄入的工具。虽然避免肥胖很重要，但缺乏运动应该在更广泛的背景下讨论。越来越多的流行病学证据表明，积极锻炼身体在预防2型糖尿病、心血管疾病、癌症、痴呆甚至抑郁症方面发挥着独立的作用。在上个世纪的大部分时间里，研究人员以“运动因子”的形式寻找肌肉收缩和体液变化之间的联系，运动因子可以在收缩期间从骨骼肌中释放出来，并介导一些运动引起的其他器官（如肝脏和脂肪组织）的代谢变化。我们建议，由肌纤维产生、表达和释放并发挥自分泌、旁分泌或内分泌作用的细胞因子或其他肽应归类为“肌因子”。鉴于骨骼肌是人体最大的器官，我们的发现，收缩骨骼肌分泌蛋白质设置了一个新的范式：骨骼肌是一个内分泌器官产生和释放肌因子，它以激素样的方式工作，对其他器官施加特定的内分泌作用。其他肌肉因子通过旁分泌机制起作用，对肌肉代谢的信号通路施加局部影响。有研究表明，肌因子可能有助于运动诱导的对几种慢性疾病的保护。
In the past, the role of physical activity as a life-style modulating factor has been considered as that of a tool to balance energy intake. Although it is important to avoid obesity, physical inactivity should be discussed in a much broader context. There is accumulating epidemiological evidence that a physically active life plays an independent role in the protection against type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, dementia and even depression. For most of the last century, researchers sought a link between muscle contraction and humoral changes in the form of an 'exercise factor', which could be released from skeletal muscle during contraction and mediate some of the exercise-induced metabolic changes in other organs such as the liver and the adipose tissue. We have suggested that cytokines or other peptides that are produced, expressed and released by muscle fibres and exert autocrine, paracrine or endocrine effects should be classified as 'myokines'. Given that skeletal muscle is the largest organ in the human body, our discovery that contracting skeletal muscle secretes proteins sets a novel paradigm: skeletal muscle is an endocrine organ producing and releasing myokines, which work in a hormone-like fashion, exerting specific endocrine effects on other organs. Other myokines work via paracrine mechanisms, exerting local effects on signalling pathways involved in muscle metabolism. It has been suggested that myokines may contribute to exercise-induced protection against several chronic diseases.