Echolocation in the noctule (Nyctalus noctula) and horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum)
Echolocation in the noctule (Nyctalus noctula) and horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum)
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夜蛾（Nyctalus noctula）和马蹄蝠（Rhinolophus ferrumequinum）的回声定位
DOI：
10.1007/bf00606247
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发表时间：
1983
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
G. Neuweiler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Vogler;G. Neuweiler
1.在实验室条件下捕捉飞行猎物时，马菊菊头蝠通常会发出FM-CF-FM信号（图2）。除了进场期间的最后两个声音和最后的嗡嗡声外，FM 部分比 CF 部分微弱 0.76+-14 倍（图 1）。最后的 FM 部分在进近过程中发出的一些信号中无法检测到（图 3）。2. 在避障飞行中，前面和最后的 FM 部分都很突出，而且比 CF 部分响亮 1.14 到 1.63 倍（图 1 和 3）。 FM 组件的带宽从大约增加到起始频率为 3.5 至 12 kHz，最终 FM 扫描的平均频率为 12 至 20 kHz（表 1）。3. 在巡航飞行期间的开阔场中，Nyctalus noctula 发出 22.5 至 25.0 kHz 的纯音，没有任何调频成分，持续时间为 10 至 50 ms（图 4）。简短的调频信号从约扫描。在追捕猎物时，会在约 1-2 ms 内发出 50 至 20 kHz 的声音（图 4）。 4. 在实验室条件下，夜猫子不会发出纯音，无法在 10.5×3.5×2.15 m 大小的飞行室中捕捉飞行的猎物。在飞往着陆平台的飞行过程中，Nyctalus noctula 总是会发出短暂的调频脉冲。在单次飞行期间，结构不会改变（图 5）。5.InNyctalus noctula 回声定位脉冲的特定特征，例如在单次飞行期间，扫描的频率范围、谐波和双脉冲（图 6）均保持不变。信号的这些特定特征可用于识别属于其自身发射的回声定位脉冲的回声。
1.When catching flying prey under laboratory conditionsRhinolophus ferrumequinumtypically emit FM-CF-FM signals (Fig. 2). Except for the last two sounds during approach and final buzz the FM-parts are fainter than the CF-component by a factor of 0.76+-14 (Fig. 1). The final FM-part was undetectable in some signals emitted during approach (Fig. 3).2.In obstacle avoidance flights both, preceding and final FM-parts are prominent and louder than the CF-part by a factor of 1.14 to 1.63 (Fig. 1 and 3). Bandwidths of the FM-components increased from ca. 3.5 to 12 kHz for the starting and from 12 to 20 kHz on the average for the final FM-sweep (Table 1).3.In the open field during cruising flightsNyctalus noctulaemits pure tones of 22.5 to 25.0 kHz without any frequency modulated components and a duration of 10 to 50 ms (Fig. 4). Brief frequency modulated signals sweeping from ca. 50 to 20 kHz in about 1–2 ms are emitted during pursuit of prey (Fig. 4).4.Under laboratory conditionsNyctalus noctuladoes not emit pure tones and is not able to catch flying prey in a flight chamber 10.5×3.5×2.15 m in size. During flights towards a landing platformNyctalus noctulainvariably emits brief frequency modulated pulses. During an individual flight the structure is not changed (Fig. 5).5.InNyctalus noctulaspecific features of the echolocation pulses, e.g. frequency range swept through, presence of harmonics and double pulses (Fig. 6) are maintained during an individual flight. These specific characteristics of the signal may be used to identify echoes belonging to its own emitted echolocation pulse.