It takes two - The interpersonal nature of empathic accuracy
It takes two - The interpersonal nature of empathic accuracy
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02099.x
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发表时间：
2008-04-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Ochsner, Kevin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zaki, Jamil;Bolger, Niall;Ochsner, Kevin
尽管目前的理论表明，情感移情(接受者对社会目标情绪的体验)应该有助于移情的准确性(接受者准确地评估目标情感的能力)，但现有的研究未能一致地证明它们之间的对应关系。我们推断，先前无效的发现可能是由于未能解释移情的根本人际性质，并检验了移情的准确性可能取决于目标表达情感的倾向和接受者以移情方式分享情感的倾向的预测。使用连续情感评分范式，我们发现，除非考虑到目标的特征表达能力，否则知觉者的特质情感移情与移情准确率无关：知觉者的特质情感移情只对表达目标的准确性有预测作用。这些数据表明，感知者自我报告的情感共鸣确实可以预测他们的共情准确性，但只有当目标的表现力允许他们的想法和感受被阅读时。
Although current theories suggest that affective empathy (perceivers' experience of social targets' emotions) should contribute to empathic accuracy (perceivers' ability to accurately assess targets' emotions), extant research has failed to consistently demonstrate a correspondence between them. We reasoned that prior null findings may be attributable to a failure to account for the fundamentally interpersonal nature of empathy, and tested the prediction that empathic accuracy may depend on both targets' tendency to express emotion and perceivers' tendency to empathically share that emotion. Using a continuous affect-rating paradigm, we found that perceivers' trait affective empathy was unrelated to empathic accuracy unless targets' trait expressivity was taken into account: Perceivers' trait affective empathy predicted accuracy only for expressive targets. These data suggest that perceivers' self-reported affective empathy can indeed predict their empathic accuracy, but only when targets' expressivity allows their thoughts and feelings to be read.