Resistance to community-based learning disability facilities: Implications for prevention
Resistance to community-based learning disability facilities: Implications for prevention
复制标题
对基于社区的学习障碍设施的抵制：对预防的影响
DOI：
10.1093/cdj/30.1.83
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发表时间：
1995
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
J. Tse
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Tse
社区冲突的形式往往是邻里抵制为有学习障碍的人、有犯罪行为的青少年、身体残疾者和精神病患者建立住宿和治疗设施。在美国，据估计，75%的集体之家遭到社区的中度至严重反对（Weber，1983年），在计划在居民区为残疾人建造的所有社区之家中，多达一半遭到社区抵制（Piasecki，1975年）。反对为精神疾病和学习障碍者发展集体之家的人比反对为老年人、绝症患者或身体残疾者发展集体之家的人更常见（所罗门，1983年）。当大多数国家总体上较富裕，政府较愿意为残疾人服务提供资金时，这种社区冲突和排斥是发展以社区为基础的服务的严重障碍，随着越来越多的学习障碍者从机构转移到社区，公众的接受对他们融入社会至关重要。在英格兰，为有学习障碍的成年人提供的寄宿家庭的名额从1961年的4，200个增加到1977年的11，700个，最后到1991年增加到30，000个（卫生和社会安全部，1987年）。社区对学习障碍者的冲突使开发新的设施变得越来越困难，这给机构管理者和社会政策制定者带来了具体的问题。尽管社区抵抗定期发生，但严重缺乏有系统和全面地预防这种冲突的知识。本文的目的是讨论社区发展策略，以防止对基于社区的学习障碍项目的抵制。我们会以香港的经验为例加以说明。
Community conflicts often occur in the form of neighbourhood resistance to the setting-up of residential and treatment facilities for individuals with learning disabilities, adolescents with delinquent behaviour, people with physical disabilities, and people with mental illness. In the United States, it has been estimated that 75 per cent of group homes encounter moderate to severe community opposition (Weber, 1983) and as many as half of all community homes for people with disabilities planned for residential areas have been blocked by community resistance (Piasecki, 1975). Opposition against group home development for persons with mental illness and learning disabilities is more common than homes for older adults, those who are terminally ill, or people with physical disabilities (Solomon, 1983). When most countries are in general more prosperous and governments are more willing to provide funds for disability services, such community conflicts and rejections are serious drawbacks in the development of community-based services.As increasingly more people with learning disabilities are being moved from institutions into the community at large, the acceptance of the public is vital to their integration in the society. In England, the number of places in residential homes for adults with learning disabilities increased from 4,200 in 1961, to 11,700 in 1977 and finally 30,000 in 1991 (DHSS, 1987). Community conflicts against individuals with learning disabilities make it increasingly difficult to develop new facilities and this poses concrete prob-lems to agency administrators and social policy makers. Despite the fact that community resistance occurs at regular intervals, there is a severe lack of knowledge in preventing such conflicts systematically and in a comprehensive manner. The purpose of this paper is to discuss community development strategies for preventing resistance against community-based learning disability projects. Illustrations will be provided from the Hong Kong experience.