Injury in U.S. Army helicopter crashes October 1979-September 1985.
Injury in U.S. Army helicopter crashes October 1979-September 1985.
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1979 年 10 月至 1985 年 9 月美国陆军直升机坠毁造成人员受伤。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1989
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Maureen O. Shanahan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dennis F. Shanahan;Maureen O. Shanahan
回顾了1979年10月1日至1985年9月30日发生的美国陆军四种类型直升机的所有A级和B级事故。在这6年期间，共发生了298起坠机事件，涉及303架飞机。坠毁的飞机上有1060人，611人受伤，136人死亡。造成伤害的最常见原因是建筑物倒塌到被占领区域所造成的“二次冲击”，或由于居住者没有受到足够的约束而使他们能够连结进入建筑物，或由两种机制的组合造成的。仅与加速有关的伤害很少发生。在可存活的撞车事故中，最常见的受伤部位是头部(28%)和四肢(43%)。对不同类型直升机的损伤模式进行了比较，并与设计上的差异有关。审查了坠机伤害保护的基本原则，包括通过头盔、安全带和安全气囊进行个人保护，以及为将伤害可能性降至最低而进行的结构修改，以及耐撞性燃料系统，并提出了提高直升机耐撞性的建议，例如在积极的实地调查的基础上调整设计和标准。
All U.S. Army class A and B mishaps of four types of helicopters occurring from 1 October 1979 through 30 September 1985 were reviewed. During this 6-year period, there were 298 crashes involving 303 aircraft. There were 1,060 individuals aboard the crashed aircraft and 611 were injured, 136 fatally. The most common cause of injury was the "secondary impact" caused by collapse of structure into occupied areas, by inadequate restraint of the occupants which allowed them to flail into structure, or by a combination of both mechanisms. Injury solely related to acceleration occurred infrequently. The most frequently injured body regions in survivable crashes were the head (28%) and extremities (43%). Injury patterns are compared for different helicopter types and related to differences in design. Basic principles of crash injury protection, including individual protection by helmets, seatbelts, and airbags, and structural modifications to minimize injury potential, as well as crashworthy fuel systems, are reviewed, and recommendations are made to increase the crashworthiness of helicopters, such as adapting designs and standards on the basis of active field investigations.