Menstruation in the USA.
Menstruation in the USA.
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美国的月经。
DOI：
10.1007/s40471-023-00333-z
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Borahay,MostafaA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ramaiyer,Malini;Lulseged,Bethlehem;Michel,Rachel;Ali,Fiza;Liang,Jinxiao;Borahay,MostafaA
月经涉及人类社会的各个领域，包括心理学，教育，商业，政策，种族和宗教。这篇叙述性评论旨在描述月经与这些空间的关系。最近的发现首先，月经在心理学中扮演着许多角色-经前综合征影响心理健康，反过来，心理压力影响月经。当应激激素抑制下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴时，可导致功能性下丘脑闭经。此外，月经对所有老年人，特别是青少年和更年期的人都有许多影响。这些影响强调了围绕月经进行适当教育的重要性，这可以通过社交媒体，学校系统，家庭和临床医生来实现。然而，月经健康教育是高度可变的，这取决于国家和家庭，有人提出。此外，月经可能会造成经济负担，因为月经产品可能很昂贵，并且对于那些无家可归，被监禁和低收入的人来说，获得这些产品的机会有限。最近各州的公共政策措施旨在通过要求公立学校在浴室提供免费月经产品来实现“月经公平”。此外，月经失调还存在种族差异。与白色子宫内膜异位症患者相比，黑人子宫内膜异位症患者的子宫肌瘤发生率更高，并且黑人女性在子宫肌瘤和子宫内膜异位症治疗方面的总体结局更差。最后，分析宗教及其与月经的关系，强调了与月经相关的巨大耻辱和“杂质”。作为“第五个生命体征”，月经在教育、研究和文化接受方面都有很大的改进空间。未来的研究应该探索减少这些差距的干预措施。
Purpose of ReviewMenstruation touches all spheres of human society, including psychology, education, business, policy, race, and religion. This narrative review aims to describe the relationship menstruation holds with these spaces.Recent FindingsFirst, menstruation plays many roles in psychology — premenstrual syndrome affects psychological well-being, and in turn, psychological stress impacts menstruation. Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea can result when stress hormones inhibit the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis. Furthermore, menstruation has many implications for all aged individuals, especially adolescents and those who are menopausal. These implications underscore the importance of proper education surrounding menstruation, which can be achieved via social media, school systems, family, and clinicians. However, menstrual health education is highly variable depending on the state and family that someone is raised in. Additionally, menstruation can pose a financial burden as menstrual products can be expensive and access to these products is limited for those who are homeless, incarcerated, and low-income. Recent public policy measures in various states have aimed to achieve “menstrual equity,” by requiring public schools to supply free menstrual products in bathrooms. Furthermore, racial disparities exist with menstrual disorders. Uterine fibroids occur more frequently in Black menstruators compared to White menstruators, and Black women experience worse outcomes overall with fibroids and endometriosis management. Finally, analysis of religion and its relationship to menstruation underscores the immense stigma and “impurity” associated with menstruation.SummaryOverall, this review highlights the universality of menstruation in society. As a “fifth vital sign,” there is significant room for improvement in terms of education, research, and cultural acceptance of menstruation. Future research should explore interventions to reduce these gaps.