Brain Organoids: Human Neurodevelopment in a Dish
Brain Organoids: Human Neurodevelopment in a Dish
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DOI：
10.1101/cshperspect.a035709
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发表时间：
2020-08-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Lancaster, Madeline A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Benito-Kwiecinski, Silvia;Lancaster, Madeline A.
人类的大脑通常被描述为我们身体中最复杂的器官。由于活体脑组织的可及性有限，人类特有的神经发育和疾病特征在很大程度上仍然未知。诱导多能干细胞自组织成3D脑类器官的能力彻底改变了体外研究大脑发育的方法。本文将首先介绍在培养皿中研究神经发育的历史以及类器官是如何形成的。我们评估了脑类器官重演关键发育事件的能力，重点是各种区域身份，细胞结构，细胞多样性，神经元成熟和电路形成的特征。我们还考虑了模型的局限性，并回顾了最近的方法，以提高可重复性和脑类器官的健康成熟。
The human brain is often described as the most complex organ in our body. Because of the limited accessibility of living brain tissue, human-specific features of neurodevelopment and disease remain largely unknown. The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells to self-organize into 3D brain organoids has revolutionized approaches to studying brain development in vitro. This review will first look at the history of studying neural development in a dish and how organoids came to be. We evaluate the ability of brain organoids to recapitulate key developmental events, focusing on the generation of various regional identities, cytoarchitecture, cell diversity, features of neuronal maturation, and circuit formation. We also consider the limitations of the model and review recent approaches to improve reproducibility and the healthy maturation of brain organoids.