Identifying phenotypic and physiological subgroups of preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder.
Identifying phenotypic and physiological subgroups of preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder.
复制标题
自闭症谱系障碍学龄前儿童表型和生理亚群的鉴定。
DOI：
10.1017/s0033291721003172
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发表时间：
2023-03
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Webb, Sara J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bazelmans, Tessel;Jones, Emily J. H.;Ghods, Sheila;Corrigan, Sarah;Toth, Karen;Charman, Tony;Webb, Sara J.
为了了解自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 症状的出现，我们需要确定支撑核心社交技能发展的机制。越来越多的证据表明，患有自闭症谱系障碍的幼儿较少与其他人接触，这可能会损害学习机会并产生连锁效应。被动观看行为并不能告诉我们对视觉信息的参与程度，但生理唤醒的测量可以提供有关参与深度的信息。在当前的研究中，我们使用心率 (HR) 和心率变异性 (HRV) 来衡量 ASD 患者对社会动态刺激的参与程度。 67 名患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的学龄前儿童和 65 名 2 至 4 岁之间的典型发育中学龄前儿童参加了一项研究，测量了观看社交和非社交视频时的心率。使用潜在特征分析，根据表型和生理学创建了更同质的儿童亚组。患有 ASD 的学龄前儿童，无论其非语言、语言和社交能力如何，与 TD 儿童相比，其总体 HR 或 HRV 没有差异。然而，自闭症谱系障碍组对于随后出现的社交刺激表现出比 TD 组更大的 HR 增加（更多的脱离）。表型和生理特征表明，这主要是语言和非语言技能低于平均水平的儿童的情况，但不一定是那些患有更多自闭症谱系障碍症状的儿童。患有 ASD 的儿童，尤其是表现出中度认知迟缓的亚组，随着时间的推移，对社交刺激的 HR 会增加；这可能反映了当注意力减弱时重新接触社交信息的困难。
To understand the emergence of symptoms in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), we need to identify the mechanisms that underpin the development of core social skills. Mounting evidence indicates that young children with later ASD attend less to other people, which could compromise learning opportunities with cascading effects. Passive looking behaviour does not tell us about engagement with visual information, but measures of physiological arousal can provide information on the depth of engagement. In the current study, we use heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) to measure engagement with social dynamic stimuli in ASD. Sixty-seven preschoolers with ASD and 65 typical developing preschoolers between 2 and 4 years of age participated in a study where HR was measured during viewing of social and non-social videos. Using latent profile analyses, more homogeneous subgroups of children were created based on phenotype and physiology. Preschool-aged children with ASD, regardless of their non-verbal, verbal and social competencies, do not differ in overall HR or HRV compared to TD children. However, the ASD group showed a larger increase in HR (more disengagement) than the TD group to later-presented social stimuli. Phenotypic and physiological profiles showed this was primarily the case for children with below average verbal and non-verbal skills, but not necessarily those with more ASD symptoms. Children with ASD, especially a subgroup showing moderate cognitive delays, show an increase in HR to social stimuli over time; this may reflect difficulties re-engaging with social information when attention is waning.