Pre-earthquake signals: Underlying physical processes
Pre-earthquake signals: Underlying physical processes
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.03.009
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发表时间：
2011-06-05
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Freund, Friedemann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Freund, Friedemann
在大地震之前，地球会发出瞬变信号，有时是强烈的，但更多的是微妙和短暂的。这些信号可能包括局部磁场变化、大范围频率上的电磁发射、各种大气和电离层现象。无论是在地壳内部还是在地表，产生这种信号的过程的性质都存在很大的不确定性。缺乏全面的物理机制导致了各种解释的拼凑，这些解释在内部并不一致。认识到大多数地壳岩石都含有以过氧缺陷O_3Si/(00)\SiO_3形式存在的休眠电子载流子，这是从固体物理角度更深入地理解这些地震前信号的关键。当岩石受到压力时，过氧键断裂，释放出电子载流子h(.)，即所谓的正空穴。正孔具有很强的流动性，可以从受压子体积中流出。这种情况类似于电池的情况。H(.)当电池电路关闭时，可能会流出。H(.)外流构成电流，产生磁场变化和低频电磁发射。当正极空穴到达地球表面时，它们会导致地面-空气界面的空气电离。在某些条件下会发生电晕放电，从而导致射频发射。电离空气的向上膨胀可能是电离层扰动的原因。H(.)表面的电荷载流子导致光谱上不同的非热红外发射。(C)2010爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
Prior to large earthquakes the Earth sends out transient signals, sometimes strong, more often subtle and fleeting. These signals may consist of local magnetic field variations, electromagnetic emissions over a wide range of frequencies, a variety of atmospheric and ionospheric phenomena. Great uncertainty exists as to the nature of the processes that could produce such signals, both inside the Earth's crust and at the surface. The absence of a comprehensive physical mechanism has led to a patchwork of explanations, which are not internally consistent. The recognition that most crustal rocks contain dormant electronic charge carriers in the form of peroxy defects, O3Si/(oo)\ SiO3, holds the key to a deeper understanding of these pre-earthquake signals from a solid state physics perspective. When rocks are stressed, peroxy links break, releasing electronic charge carriers, h(.), known as positive holes. The positive holes are highly mobile and can flow out of the stressed subvolume. The situation is similar to that in a battery. The h(.) outflow is possible when the battery circuit closes. The h(.) outflow constitutes an electric current, which generates magnetic field variations and low frequency EM emissions. When the positive holes arrive at the Earth's surface, they lead to ionization of air at the ground-air interface. Under certain conditions corona discharges occur, which cause RF emission. The upward expansion of ionized air may be the reason for perturbations in the ionosphere. Recombination of h(.) charge carriers at the surface leads to a spectroscopically distinct, non-thermal IR emission. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.