Differences in canopy and understorey diversities after the eruptions of Mount Usu, northern Japan ? Impacts of early forest management
Differences in canopy and understorey diversities after the eruptions of Mount Usu, northern Japan ? Impacts of early forest management
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日本北部有珠山喷发后树冠和林下多样性的差异？
DOI：
10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120106
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Tsuyuzaki Shiro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vegh Lea;Tsuyuzaki Shiro
由于缺乏长期研究，评估管理对演替轨迹、植物组成和多样性的影响一直很困难。本研究调查了2015-2019年期间日本北方有须山两个喷发点天然和人工再生森林的物种组成和多样性，以比较主动和被动管理的效果。这两个地点是被1910年火山爆发破坏的Yosomi和被1977-78年火山爆发破坏的峰会。在这两个站点上发育的各种天然林和人工林，其物种组成通过非度量多维尺度分析以测量森林类型之间的相似性，并且其多样性通过真实多样性指数进行比较，显示有效物种数，从0阶（存在-不存在）为2级（加权物种）的两个层：冠层（胸径> 3cm的木本物种）和下层（< 2 m高的植物）。在每个林型中选取5个10 m × 10 m样地，用树干密度测量冠层多样性，在每个样地选取4个1 m × 1 m样方，用地上部密度测量林下植物多样性。林冠和林下的物种组成是不同的森林类型，但林冠比林下的管理，表明早期的森林管理对物种组成的长期影响。当人工林具有斑块状空间结构时，其物种组成与天然林相似。自然更新的森林表现出最高的dilibrium在两个喷发现场，而人工林表现出低dilibrium，除了在一种情况下，当种植园表现出异质性的森林结构。人工林的物种组成变化缓慢，没有转化为天然林。总之，我们建议使用斑块之间的一些空间，而不是密集种植的斑块种植园设计，创造弹性，多样性和干扰后的原生森林。
Evaluating the effects of management on successional trajectories, plant composition, and diversity has been difficult due to the scarcity of long-term studies. This study examined the composition and diversity of species in natural and artificially regenerated forests at two eruption sites of Mount Usu, northern Japan, during 2015–2019, to compare the effects of active and passive management. The two sites are Yosomi, damaged by the 1910 eruptions, and the summit, damaged by the 1977–78 eruptions. Various natural and artificial forests developed at both sites, whose species composition was analyzed by non-metric multidimensional scaling to measure similarity between the forest types, and whose diversity was compared by the true diversity index, showing the effective number of species, from order 0 (presence-absence) to order 2 (weighted species) for two layers: the canopy (woody species with DBH > 3 cm) and understorey (< 2 m high plants). Canopy diversity was measured by stem density in five 10 m × 10 m plots in each forest type, and understory diversity was measured by shoot density in four 1 m × 1 m quadrats in each plot. The canopy and understorey species compositions were distinct between the forest types, but the canopy was more affected by management than the understorey, indicating that early forest management had long-term effects on species composition. Species composition of the plantations resembled those of the natural forests when the plantations had patchy spatial structure. The naturally regenerated forests showed the highest diversities at both eruption sites, while the plantations displayed low diversities, except in one case, when the plantation showed heterogeneous forest structure. The plantations changed their species composition slowly and did not transform into natural forests. In conclusion, we suggest using a patchy plantation design with some space between patches instead of dense planting, to create resilient, diverse, and native forests after disturbances.