The Impact of Changing Attitudes, Norms, and Self-Efficacy on Health-Related Intentions and Behavior: A Meta-Analysis
The Impact of Changing Attitudes, Norms, and Self-Efficacy on Health-Related Intentions and Behavior: A Meta-Analysis
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DOI：
10.1037/hea0000387
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发表时间：
2016-11-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Rothman, Alexander J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sheeran, Paschal;Maki, Alexander;Rothman, Alexander J.
目的：几种健康行为理论都认为态度、规范和自我效能是意图和行为的重要决定因素。然而，关于这些认知与意图或行为之间的关系的推论主要依赖于排除因果推论的相关数据。为了确定改变态度、规范或自我效能是否会导致意图和行为的改变，研究人员需要随机分配参与者接受一种治疗，这种治疗相对于对照条件显著增加了各自的认知，并测试随后的意图或行为的差异。本综述分析了符合这些标准的204个实验测试的结果。方法：使用计算机检索和非正式来源定位研究，并使用STATA第11版进行荟萃分析。结果如下：实验诱导的态度、规范和自我效能的变化都导致了中等程度的意图变化（d（+）分别为0.48、0.49和0.51），并导致了小到中等程度的行为变化（态度-d（+）= 0.38，规范-d（+）= 0.36，自我效能-d（+）= 0.47）。这些效应量通常不受检查的调节变量（例如，研究质量、干预的理论基础、方法学特征和目标行为的特征），尽管旨在提高（与降低）行为表现的干预措施的效果更大。结论：本综述为健康行为理论的关键预测提供了新的实验支持，并表明改变态度，规范和自我效能的干预措施在促进健康行为改变方面是有效的。
Objective: Several health behavior theories converge on the hypothesis that attitudes, norms, and self-efficacy are important determinants of intentions and behavior. However, inferences regarding the relation between these cognitions and intention or behavior rest largely on correlational data that preclude causal inferences. To determine whether changing attitudes, norms, or self-efficacy leads to changes in intentions and behavior, investigators need to randomly assign participants to a treatment that significantly increases the respective cognition relative to a control condition, and test for differences in subsequent intentions or behavior. The present review analyzed findings from 204 experimental tests that met these criteria. Method: Studies were located using computerized searches and informal sources and meta-analyzed using STATA Version 11. Results: Experimentally induced changes in attitudes, norms, and self-efficacy all led to medium-sized changes in intention (d(+) = .48, .49, and .51, respectively), and engendered small to medium-sized changes in behavior (attitudes-d(+) = .38, norms-d(+) = .36, self-efficacy-d(+) = .47). These effect sizes generally were not qualified by the moderator variables examined (e.g., study quality, theoretical basis of the intervention, methodological characteristics, and features of the targeted behavior), although effects were larger for interventions designed to increase (vs. decrease) behavioral performance. Conclusion: The present review lends novel, experimental support for key predictions from health behavior theories, and demonstrates that interventions that modify attitudes, norms, and self-efficacy are effective in promoting health behavior change.