Carrying photosynthesis genes increases ecological fitness of cyanophage in silico
Carrying photosynthesis genes increases ecological fitness of cyanophage in silico
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.01866.x
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发表时间：
2009-06-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Hellweger, Ferdi L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hellweger, Ferdi L.
几种感染海洋蓝藻的病毒携带光合作用基因（如psbA， hli），这些基因表达，产生蛋白质（D1， HLIP），并帮助维持细胞在潜伏期间的光合作用装置。这增加了能量，加速了病毒的产生，从而减少了潜伏期（一种适应性优势），但它也增加了DNA的大小，从而减缓了新病毒的产生，减少了爆发的大小（一种适应性成本）。这些基因如何影响病毒的净生态适应度？在这里，这个问题是使用结合系统生物学和系统生态学（“系统生物生态学”）的方法来探索的。一种新的基于代理的模型模拟了单个蓝藻细胞和病毒颗粒，每个细胞和病毒颗粒都有自己的基因、转录本、蛋白质和其他特性。D1和HLIP蛋白的作用被明确地考虑使用机械光合作用成分。该模型与原绿球藻MED4生态型和足病毒P-SSP7现有数据库进行了校准。对野生型和基因工程病毒进行了实验室和现场规模的计算机生存、竞争和进化（基因包装错误）实验，以开发垂直生存和适应性概况，并确定最佳基因含量。结果表明，光合作用基因不是必需的，与辐照度相关的方式增加适合度，野生型具有最佳的基因含量。
Several viruses infecting marine cyanobacteria carry photosynthesis genes (e.g. psbA, hli) that are expressed, yield proteins (D1, HLIP) and help maintain the cell's photosynthesis apparatus during the latent period. This increases energy and speeds up virus production, allowing for a reduced latent period (a fitness benefit), but it also increases the DNA size, which slows down new virus production and reduces burst size (a fitness cost). How do these genes affect the net ecological fitness of the virus? Here, this question is explored using a combined systems biology and systems ecology ('systems bioecology') approach. A novel agent-based model simulates individual cyanobacteria cells and virus particles, each with their own genes, transcripts, proteins and other properties. The effect of D1 and HLIP proteins is explicitly considered using a mechanistic photosynthesis component. The model is calibrated to the available database for Prochlorococcus ecotype MED4 and podovirus P-SSP7. Laboratory- and field-scale in silico survival, competition and evolution (gene packaging error) experiments with wild type and genetically engineered viruses are performed to develop vertical survival and fitness profiles, and to determine the optimal gene content. The results suggest that photosynthesis genes are nonessential, increase fitness in a manner correlated with irradiance, and that the wild type has an optimal gene content.