PMD in high-bit-rate transmission and means for its mitigation
PMD in high-bit-rate transmission and means for its mitigation
复制标题
高比特率传输中的 PMD 及其缓解方法
DOI：
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发表时间：
2004
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
V. Mirvoda
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Noé;D. Sandel;V. Mirvoda
偏振模色散（PMD）阻碍了光纤网络以经济高效的方式升级到40 Gbit/s，有时甚至升级到10 Gbit/s。本文综述了近几年来在减轻和补偿大气污染方面的研究进展，并指出了需要进一步研究的领域。电子PMD缓解在10 Gbit/s时是优选的，由于其低成本，即使它伴随着相当大的剩余损失。在光偏振模色散补偿领域进行了大量的工作。在众多的一阶PMD检测方法中，我们更喜欢一种纯电子的，因此成本低，到达时间检测方法，具有线性读出和ps灵敏度。令人惊讶的是，最容易检测到的高阶PMD是三阶，由斜率陡度差表示。这两种方法都依赖于发射机侧的偏振加扰器，该偏振加扰器可以共享。关于PMD补偿器，可能需要LiNbO/sub 3/器件来保证足够的速度。分布式PMD补偿器允许在一个芯片上集成多个偏振变换器和差分群延迟部分，从而精确地模拟光纤的累积方式，但顺序和方向相反。我们报告的进展，在使用这些设备，包括他们使用PMD补偿在40 Gbit/s载波抑制归零差分相移键控实验。进一步完善该器件，实现快速无休止的偏振控制，还需要做更多的工作。分布式PMD补偿器的理论通过模式转换的傅立叶展开，作为PMD矢量的熟悉的泰勒展开的替代，适合于高阶PMD的新定义。
Polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) prevents the cost-effective upgrading of fiber networks to 40 and sometimes even to 10 Gbit/s. This paper reviews recent progress in its mitigation and compensation and points out where more research is needed. Electronic PMD mitigation is preferable at 10 Gbit/s, due to its low cost, even though it is accompanied by a considerable residual penalty. A lot of work takes place in the field of optical PMD compensation. Among the numerous detection methods for first-order PMD, we prefer a purely electronic, hence low-cost, arrival time detection method, with a linear readout and ps-sensitivity. Surprisingly, the most easily detectable higher order of PMD is the third order, indicated by a slope steepness difference. Both methods rely on a polarization scrambler at the transmitter side, which can be shared. Regarding PMD compensators, LiNbO/sub 3/ devices are probably needed to guarantee a sufficient speed. A distributed PMD compensator allows to integrate a number of polarization transformers and differential group delay sections on one chip, thereby exactly emulating the way how the fiber accumulates, but in reverse order and orientation. We report on progress in using these devices, including their use for PMD compensation in a 40-Gbit/s carrier-suppressed return-to-zero differential phase-shift keying experiment. More work is needed to perfection the device, and to implement a fast endless polarization control. The theory of the distributed PMD compensator lends itself to a new definition of higher order PMD by a Fourier expansion of mode conversion, as an alternative to the familiar Taylor expansion of the PMD vector.