Foraging Behavior of Gentoo and Chinstrap Penguins as Determined by New Radiotelemetry Techniques
Foraging Behavior of Gentoo and Chinstrap Penguins as Determined by New Radiotelemetry Techniques
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新无线电遥测技术测定巴布亚企鹅和帽带企鹅的觅食行为
DOI：
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发表时间：
1986
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
N. J. Volkman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Trivelpiece;J. Bengtson;S. Trivelpiece;N. J. Volkman
- 对7只巴布亚企鹅（Pygoscelis papua）和6只南极企鹅（P. anapartica）身上的发射器发出的无线电信号进行分析，使我们能够在海上跟踪企鹅。信号特征使我们能够区分5种觅食行为：海豚，水下游泳，水平潜水，垂直潜水，休息或洗澡。巴布亚企鹅花了显着更大的一部分，他们的觅食行程从事喂养行为比Chinstrap，花了显着更多的时间旅行。巴布亚有显着更长的喂养潜水比Chinstrap（128秒比91秒）和显着更高的潜水暂停比（3.4比2.6）。这些觅食行为的差异表明巴布亚企鹅和帽带企鹅可能有不同的潜水能力，可能在不同的深度觅食。1985年6月3日收到，1986年4月24日接受。最近几年来，Pygoscelis penguins，Adelie（P. adeliae），Chinstrap（P. anapartica）和Gentoo（P.巴布亚）之间的营养关系一直是研究的主要焦点，特别是关于其主要猎物物种磷虾（Euphausia superba）的生态学。然而，迄今为止，我们对鸟类摄食生态学的了解主要来自岸上采集的胃样本（Emison 1968; Croxall和Furse 1980; Croxall和Prince 1980 a; Mrsman等人1980，1986; Lishman 1985）。潜水深度是企鹅觅食行为的一个方面，已经有了一些详细的研究。多个深度记录仪，记录在设定的深度范围内的潜水次数，已部署在国王（Aptenodytes patagonica; Kooyman等1982），Chinsrap（Lishman和Croxall 1983），和Gentoo（Costa pers. comm.）企鹅据报道，皇帝的最大潜水深度（A。forsteri; Kooyman et al. 1971）、黑脚企鹅（Spheniscus demersus; Wilson and Bain 1984）和巴布亚企鹅（亚当斯and Brown 1983）。也有人研究过取食范围，但是间接地，使用了巢穴的释放间隔（威廉姆斯和齐格弗里德，1980年; Ainley等人，1984年; Croxall等人，1984年）。我们报告了一种在海上跟踪企鹅的新方法，使我们能够区分1目前的地址：国家海洋哺乳动物实验室，NOAA/NMFS，7600圣点路东北，西雅图，华盛顿98115美国。在觅食过程中的行为。这种方法提高了我们对企鹅觅食效率、范围和旅行速度的理解，并允许对巴布亚企鹅和帽带企鹅的觅食进行初步比较。
-Analysis of radio signals from transmitters affixed to 7 Gentoo (Pygoscelis papua) and 6 Chinstrap (P. antarctica) penguins allowed us to track penguins at sea. Signal characteristics allowed us to distinguish among 5 foraging behaviors: porpoising, underwater swimming, horizontal diving, vertical diving, and resting or bathing. Gentoo Penguins spent a significantly greater portion of their foraging trips engaged in feeding behaviors than Chinstraps, which spent significantly more time traveling. Gentoos had significantly longer feeding dives than Chinstraps (128 s vs. 91 s) and significantly higher dive-pause ratios (3.4 vs. 2.6). These differences in foraging behavior suggest Gentoo and Chinstrap penguins may have different diving abilities and may forage at different depths. Received 3 June 1985, accepted 24 April 1986. THE trophic relationships among Pygoscelis penguins, the Adelie (P. adeliae), Chinstrap (P. antarctica), and Gentoo (P. papua), have been a major focal point of research in recent years, particularly with respect to the ecology of their major prey species, krill (Euphausia superba). To date, however, our knowledge of the birds' feeding ecology is largely derived from stomach samples obtained ashore (Emison 1968; Croxall and Furse 1980; Croxall and Prince 1980a; Volkman et al. 1980, 1986; Lishman 1985). Diving depth is one aspect of penguin foraging behavior that has been investigated in some detail. Multiple depth recorders, logging the number of dives within set depth ranges, have been deployed on King (Aptenodytes patagonica; Kooyman et al. 1982), Chinstrap (Lishman and Croxall 1983), and Gentoo (Costa pers. comm.) penguins. Maximum diving depths have been reported for Emperor (A. forsteri; Kooyman et al. 1971), Black-footed (Spheniscus demersus; Wilson and Bain 1984), and Gentoo (Adams and Brown 1983) penguins. Feeding range also has been investigated, but indirectly, using nest relief intervals (Williams and Siegfried 1980, Ainley et al. 1984, Croxall et al. 1984). We report a new method of tracking penguins at sea that allowed us to differentiate 1 Present address: National Marine Mammal Laboratory, NOAA/NMFS, 7600 San Point Way N.E., Seattle, Washington 98115 USA. among behaviors during foraging trips. This method improved our understanding of penguin feeding efficiencies, ranges, and traveling speeds, and permitted preliminary comparisons of Gentoo and Chinstrap penguin forag-