Targeting Cancer Stem Cells-A Renewed Therapeutic Paradigm.
Targeting Cancer Stem Cells-A Renewed Therapeutic Paradigm.
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DOI：
10.17925/ohr.2017.13.01.45
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Karnoub AE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Amey CL;Karnoub AE
转移通常伴随着对抗癌治疗的放射性和化学治疗抗性，并且是癌症患者死亡的主要原因。因此，更好地了解癌细胞如何规避治疗性损伤以及扩散的癌症克隆如何产生危及生命的转移，对于开发用于恶性疾病临床管理的有效治疗方法至关重要。在过去的二十年里，越来越多的报道提供了证据，证明在液体和实体肿瘤中存在少数高度恶性细胞，这些细胞能够自我更新和再生具有原发性肿瘤异质性的继发性生长。这些被称为肿瘤起始细胞或癌症干细胞（CSC）的细胞对标准放射治疗和化疗表现出更强的抵抗力，并且似乎具有使它们能够逃避免疫监视的机制。因此，CSC被认为是癌症治疗后全身残留疾病以及疾病复发的原因。CSC如何发育，它们与微环境建立的相互作用的性质，它们的表型和功能特征，以及它们的分子依赖性都是癌症治疗的中心。事实上，提高对CSC生物学的理解对于开发重要的基于CSC的抗肿瘤方法至关重要，这些方法有可能从根本上改善癌症管理。在这里，我们总结了一些最相关的因素，关于CSC的发展和性质，并强调了一些临床模式，在目前的发展作为抗CSC治疗。
Metastasis is often accompanied by radio- and chemotherapeutic resistance to anticancer treatments and is the major cause of death in cancer patients. Better understanding of how cancer cells circumvent therapeutic insults and how disseminated cancer clones generate life-threatening metastases would therefore be paramount to the development of effective therapeutic approaches for clinical management of malignant disease. Mounting reports over the past two decades have provided evidence for the existence of a minor population of highly malignant cells within liquid and solid tumors, which are capable of self-renewing and of regenerating secondary growths with the heterogeneity of the primary tumors from which they derive. These cells, called tumor-initiating cells or cancer stem cells (CSCs) exhibit increased resistance to standard radio- and chemotherapies and appear to have mechanisms that enable them to evade immune surveillance. CSCs are therefore considered to be responsible for systemic residual disease after cancer therapy, as well as for disease relapse. How CSCs develop, the nature of the interactions they establish with their microenvironment, their phenotypic and functional characteristics, as well as their molecular dependencies have all taken center stage in cancer therapy. Indeed, improved understanding of CSC biology is critical to the development of important CSC-based anti-neoplastic approaches that have the potential to radically improve cancer management. Here, we summarize some of the most pertinent elements regarding CSC development and properties, and highlight some of the clinical modalities in current development as anti-CSC therapeutics.