Mechanisms of Activity and Unrest at Large Calderas
Mechanisms of Activity and Unrest at Large Calderas
复制标题
大火山口的活动和动荡机制
DOI：
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Kilburn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Troise;G. Natale;C. Kilburn
大型火山口坍塌代表着灾难性的自然事件，仅次于大型流星撞击。此外，一些火山口人口稠密，这使得风险变得极端，即使是中等程度的喷发。因此，了解火山口机制、动荡和喷发的危险是地球科学面临的一个关键挑战。
火山口行为的几个关键特征还没有完全弄清楚。通过案例研究和理论模拟相结合，这一卷涉及以下专题：产生和释放在火山口形成期间喷发的大量岩浆所需的条件；岩浆供给系统在火山口形成前后如何演变；限制火山喷发前兆行为的过程；如何区分先发制人的前兆和导致不发生喷发的动乱的前兆；以及考虑到可能发生大面积崩塌后喷发，设计危险地图和减轻战略的最佳程序。
Large caldera collapses represent catastrophic natural events, second only to large meteoritic impacts. In addition, some calderas are densely populated, making the risk extreme, even for moderate eruptions. Understanding caldera mechanisms, unrest and the danger of eruption is therefore a crucial challenge for Earth sciences.
Several key features of caldera behaviour have yet to be fully understood. Through a combination of case studies and theoretical modelling, the following topics are addressed in this volume: the conditions required to produce and to release large volumes of magma erupted during caldera formation; how magmatic feeding systems evolve before and after a caldera has formed; the processes that limit the behaviour of precursors to eruptions; how pre-emptive precursors can be distinguished from those that drive unrest without an eruption; and given that post-collapse eruptions may occur across a wide area, the optimum procedures for designing hazard maps and mitigation strategies.