‘Persons persecuted on political grounds shall enjoy the right of asylum — but not in our country’: asylum policy and debates about refugees in the Federal Republic of Germany
‘Persons persecuted on political grounds shall enjoy the right of asylum — but not in our country’: asylum policy and debates about refugees in the Federal Republic of Germany
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“因政治原因受迫害的人应享有庇护权——但在我们国家则不然”：德意志联邦共和国的庇护政策和关于难民的辩论
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发表时间：
1999
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Karen Schönwälder
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作者：
Karen Schönwälder
“有所谓的‘庇护权’，但这更多的是政府给予庇护的权利，而不是外国人获得庇护的权利。这是大卫·伦顿在1961年向下议院解释英国政府立场的方式（1961年11月15日，Hansard, col. 431）。1993年以前，德意志联邦共和国的情况是不同的。西德1949年事实上的宪法《基本法》第16条规定：“因政治原因受到迫害的人享有庇护权。”（Politisch Verfolgte genesen asylum）。这项慷慨的国际例外规定使难民有权进入西德，并使他们的庇护申请得到审议。如果他们被发现是政治迫害的受害者，他们有权留下来。如果他们的申请被拒绝，他们有权向委员会和法院提出质疑。显然，起草这一条款的政治家是受到1933年后迫害和流放经历的驱使。第16条还规定，不得剥夺任何德国人的公民权- -正如纳粹政权对其许多反对者所做的那样。
‘There is the so-called “right of asylum” but it is much more a right on the part of the Government to grant asylum than a right on the part of the alien to have it.’ This is how David Renton explained the position of the British government to the House of Commons in 1961 (15 November 1961, Hansard, col. 431). Until 1993 the situation in the Federal Republic of Germany was different. In West Germany’s de facto constitution of 1949, the Basic Law, Article 16 states that ‘Persons persecuted on political grounds shall enjoy the right of asylum.’ (Politisch Verfolgte geniesen Asylrecht). This generous and internationally exceptional provision gave refugees the right to enter West Germany and to have their applications for asylum considered. If they were found to be victims of political persecution, they had the right to stay. If their application was rejected, they had the right to challenge this decision before a board and then the courts. Clearly the politicians who drafted this clause were motivated by the experiences of persecution and exile after 1933. Article 16 also states that no German may be deprived of his or her citizenship — as practised by the Nazi regime with many of its opponents.