Urban poverty and health in developing countries: Household and neighborhood effects
Urban poverty and health in developing countries: Household and neighborhood effects
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DOI：
10.1353/dem.2005.0020
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发表时间：
2005-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Hewett, PC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Montgomery, MR;Hewett, PC
在美国和其他高收入国家，人们对家庭和邻里生活水平对健康的影响有着浓厚的学术和规划兴趣。然而，很少有关于发展中国家城市的研究探讨这些问题。我们调查了贫穷国家城市妇女和儿童的健康是否受到家庭和邻里生活水平的影响。利用85项人口与健康调查的城市样本数据，并使用因子分析模拟方法对生活水平进行建模，我们发现，相对贫困家庭的社区比通常断言的更具异质性。我们的结果表明，城市贫困户并不倾向于居住在统一的贫困社区：大约每10户贫困户中就有1户是相对富裕的，属于城市生活水平分布的上四分之一。家庭和邻里生活水平会影响健康吗？使用多变量模型，我们发现家庭生活水平与三项健康指标密切相关：对现代避孕措施的需求未得到满足，分娩时有训练有素的卫生保健人员在场，以及幼儿的年龄身高。在我们调查的许多调查中，邻里生活水平都起到了很大的额外影响，特别是在生育方面。
In the United States and other high-income countries, there is intense scholarly and programmatic interest in the effects of household and neighborhood living standards on health. Yet few studies of developing-country cities have explored these issues. We investigated whether the health of urban women and children in poor countries is influenced by both household and neighborhood standards of living. Using data from the urban samples of 85 Demographic and Health Surveys and modeling living standards using factor-analytic MIMIC methods, we found that the neighborhoods of relatively poor households are more heterogeneous than is often asserted. Our results indicated that poor urban households do not tend to live in uniformly poor neighborhoods: about I in 10 of a poor household neighbors is relatively affluent, belonging to the upper quartile of the urban distribution of living standards. Do household and neighborhood living standards influence health? Using multivariate models, we found that household living standards are closely associated with three health measures: unmet need for modern contraception, attendance of a trained health care provider at childbirth, and young children height for age. Neighborhood living standards exert a significant additional influence in many of the surveys we examined, especially for birth attendance.