Origins of Effortful Control: Infant and Parent Contributions.
Origins of Effortful Control: Infant and Parent Contributions.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1532-7078.2012.00119.x
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发表时间：
2013-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Power T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gartstein MA;Bridgett DJ;Young BN;Panksepp J;Power T
努力控制（EC）是指抑制显性反应以执行亚显性反应的能力，并已被证明对无数困难具有保护作用。迄今为止，研究EC前体的研究有限，在这项研究中，对幼儿EC的婴儿期贡献者进行了研究。具体而言，父母/家庭背景变量（例如，教育，收入），母亲气质，感知压力和内化症状，沿着婴儿气质：积极情感/冲动（PAS），消极情绪性（NE）和调节能力/定向（RCO）;和实验室观察的注意力指标。婴儿的注意力指数的潜伏期看不见最初定向到目前的刺激出现后EC的一个重要的预测因素，占其他儿童和父母/家庭属性后，与较短的潜伏期预测更高水平的EC。母亲的外向性和教养压力是唯一的父母/家庭属性显着有助于预测幼儿EC，前者促进和后者破坏EC的发展。婴儿的气质因素也被检查作为一个主持人的父母/家庭的影响，结果表明母亲的EC和婴儿RCO之间的显着相互作用，使儿童更大的RCO和母亲高EC表现出最高的EC分数在幼儿期。
Effortful control (EC) refers to the ability to inhibit a dominant response to perform a subdominant one and has been shown as protective against a myriad of difficulties. Research examining precursors of EC has been limited to date, and in this study, infancy contributors to toddler EC were examined. Specifically, parent/family background variables (e.g., education, income), maternal temperament, perceived stress, and internalizing symptoms were addressed, along with infant temperament: positive affectivity/surgency (PAS), negative emotionality (NE), and regulatory capacity/orienting (RCO); and laboratory observation-based indicators of attention. Infant attention indexed by the latency to look away after initially orienting to the presented stimuli emerged as an important predictor of later EC, after accounting for other child and parent/family attributes, with shorter latencies predicting higher levels of EC. Mothers’ extraversion and parenting stress were the only parent/family attributes to significantly contribute to the prediction of toddler EC, with the former promoting and the latter undermining the development of EC. Infant temperament factors were also examined as a moderator of parent/family influences, with results indicating a significant interaction between mothers’ EC and infant RCO, so that children with greater RCO and mothers high in EC exhibited the highest EC scores in toddlerhood.