A Digital Pathway to Financial Inclusion
A Digital Pathway to Financial Inclusion
复制标题
通向普惠金融的数字化途径
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Voorhies
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Radcliffe;R. Voorhies
支付是经济系统的结缔组织。它们使人们能够购买商品、购买水和电以及向朋友、家人和商业伙伴汇款。它们使政府能够征税和支付社会福利。它们使供应商能够向买家收取付款。当这些交易成本高昂且不方便时，经济活动就会受到阻碍。富裕家庭的财务生活嵌入数字金融系统中，该系统通过使他们能够廉价且轻松地发送和接收付款来“润滑”他们的经济活动。他们的钱以 1 和 0 的形式存放在服务器上的虚拟帐户中，只需单击按钮即可进行转移。相比之下，25 亿人（其中大多数是穷人）与该系统隔绝了。他们通过现金、珠宝或牲畜等实物资产来存储和转移价值。我们描述了现金数字鸿沟如何在贫困家庭的财务生活中造成严重的不平等。我们描述了数字普惠金融的样子，并提供了越来越多的证据，表明将穷人连接到综合数字金融系统将产生可观的福利收益。我们认为，各国不会一次性弥合现金数字鸿沟。相反，它们在通往包容性数字经济的道路上可能会经历四个市场发展阶段。走这条道路所需的商业资产在四个阶段各不相同。因此，必须调整金融法规和商业模式，以在每个阶段利用这些资产。
Payments are the connective tissue of an economic system. They enable people to buy goods, purchase water and electricity, and send money to friends, family, and business partners. They enable governments to collect taxes and disburse social payments. And they enable suppliers to collect payments from buyers. When these transactions are costly and inconvenient, economic activity is impeded. Wealthy households live their financial lives embedded in a digital financial system which “greases the wheels” of their economic activity by making it cheap and easy for them send and receive payments. Their money sits in a virtual account as ones and zeroes on a server where it can be transferred with the click of a button. In contrast, 2.5 billion people – most of them poor – are cut off from that system. They store and transfer value through physical assets, such as cash, jewelry, or livestock. We describe how the cash-digital divide creates stark inequities in the financial lives of poor households. We depict what digital financial inclusion would look like and present a growing body of evidence which suggests that connecting poor people to an integrated digital financial system will generate sizable welfare benefits. We argue that countries will not bridge the cash-digital divide in one giant leap. Instead, they will likely pass through four stages of market development along the pathway to an inclusive digital economy. The commercial assets required to navigate this pathway vary across the four stages. Financial regulations and business models must therefore be calibrated to harness those assets at each stage.
DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
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影响因子：
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作者：
K. Vohs;R. Baumeister;B. Schmeichel;J. Twenge;Noelle M. Nelson
通讯作者：
K. Vohs;R. Baumeister;B. Schmeichel;J. Twenge;Noelle M. Nelson