Predicting human ageing with Masters athletics: 'one size doesn't fit all'.
Predicting human ageing with Masters athletics: 'one size doesn't fit all'.
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通过田径大师赛预测人类衰老：“一刀切”。
DOI：
10.1113/jp274864
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sundberg,ChristopherW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Senefeld,Jonathon;Sundberg,ChristopherW
对人类衰老的科学理解被身体活动、运动训练、疾病、营养以及无数其他环境和生理因素的终生差异所混淆。因此，在人类研究中，识别作为衰老本身必然结果的生理变化与环境和行为因素的差异的能力可能是有问题的。在最近发表在《生理学杂志》上的一篇简短评论中，Lazarus和Harbridge(2017)使用一生中运动记录的轨迹作为生物模型，通过减少缺乏运动的混淆影响来推进我们对年龄和生理功能之间关系的理解。作者综合了从运动记录中发展出来的概念，提出了一个“设定点理论”，该理论假设，需要一个个性化的体力活动水平，才能使衰老达到最佳状态，并降低发病率。重要的是，该模型强调了缺乏体力活动在随年龄增长加速生理功能衰退中的作用，并强调了在老龄研究中纳入体力活动测量的必要性。设定点理论是一个剂量-反应模型，它预测了三种不同剂量的体力活动/锻炼之间的相互作用，以及随着年龄增长对生理功能的相应影响。三种剂量的体力活动/锻炼包括：(1)体力活动水平不足(‘低于设定点’)，(2)足够的体力活动水平(‘在设定点’)，以及(3)体力活动和锻炼方案。
Scientific understanding of human ageing is confounded by lifelong differences in physical activity, exercise training, disease, nutrition and a myriad of other environmental and physiological factors. As a result, the ability to identify the physiological changes that are an obligatory consequence of ageing per se versus differences in environmental and behavioural factors can be problematic in human studies. In a recent short review in The Journal of Physiology, Lazarus and Harridge (2017) use the trajectory of athletic records across the lifespan as a biological model to advance our understanding of the relationship between age and physiological function by reducing the confounding effects of physical inactivity. The authors integrate the concepts developed from athletic records to propose a ‘set point theory’that hypothesizes that an individualized level of physical activity is required to age optimally and compress morbidity. Importantly, this model highlights the role of physical inactivity in accelerating the diminution of physiological function with ageing and emphasizes the necessity of incorporating measures of physical activity in ageing studies.The set point theory is a dose–response model that predicts the interaction between three different doses of physical activity/exercise and the corresponding impact on physiological function with ageing. The three doses of physical activity/exercise include:(1) inadequate levels of physical activity (‘below the set point’),(2) adequate levels of physical activity (‘at the set point’), and (3) physical activity and exercise regimens