Wild barley: a source of genes for crop improvement in the 21st century?
Wild barley: a source of genes for crop improvement in the 21st century?
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DOI：
10.1093/jexbot/51.342.9
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发表时间：
2000-01-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Powell, W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ellis, RP;Forster, BP;Powell, W
培育耐非生物和生物胁迫的新大麦是作物持续改良的重要组成部分。与许多作物一样，大麦的驯化导致了野生种群中存在的遗传变异的明显截断。这一过程对农学家和科学家来说意义重大，因为缺乏等位基因变异将阻止适应性品种的发展，并阻碍对表现背后的遗传机制的研究。野生大麦将是一个有用的来源，新的遗传变异的非生物胁迫耐受性，如果调查确定适当的遗传变异和标记辅助选择的发展允许有效的操作品种的发展。有许多野生大麦收藏品来自其自然分布的所有地区，但最大的是来自地中海地区。本文报道了一系列旨在探索大麦非生物胁迫耐受性的试验结果。试验包括：氯化钠在野生大麦和作图群体中的吸收，δ（13）C和小麦非整倍体中植物干重的影响，光周期和春化作用在野生大麦中的影响，以及在水培中给予干旱和氮饥饿处理的野生大麦根长的测量。在育种方案中有利用野生大麦的例子，例如，作为新的抗病基因的来源，但由于缺乏良好的遗传图谱，进一步探索野生大麦和栽培大麦之间的差异受到阻碍。在需要进行遗传研究的同时，还需要开发作物对环境反应的良好生理模型。有了这些工具，野生大麦提供了一个尚未开发的基因储备“金矿”的前景。
The development of new barleys tolerant of abiotic and biotic stresses is an essential part of the continued improvement of the crop. The domestication of barley, as in many crops, resulted in a marked truncation of the genetical variation present in wild populations. This process is significant to agronomists and scientists because a lack of allelic variation will prevent the development of adapted cultivars and hinder the investigation of the genetic mechanisms underlying performance. Wild barley would be a useful source of new genetic variation for abiotic stress tolerance if surveys identify appropriate genetic variation and the development of marker-assisted selection allows efficient manipulation in cultivar development. There are many wild barley collections from all areas of its natural distribution, but the largest are derived from the Mediterranean region. The results of a range of assays designed to explore abiotic stress tolerance in barley are reported in this paper. The assays included; sodium chloride uptake in wild barley and a mapping population, effects for delta(13)C and plant dry weight in wheat aneuploids, effects of photoperiod and vernalization in wild barley, and measurements of root length in wild barley given drought and nitrogen starvation treatments in hydroponic culture. There are examples of the use of wild barley in breeding programmes, for example, as a source of new disease resistance genes, but the further exploration of the differences between wild barley and cultivars is hampered by the lack of good genetic maps. In parallel to the need for genetic studies there is also a need for the development of good physiological models of crop responses to the environment. Given these tools, wild barley offers the prospect of a 'goldmine' of untapped genetic reserves.