Gender Differences in Public Attitudes toward the Use of Force by the United States, 19902003
Gender Differences in Public Attitudes toward the Use of Force by the United States, 19902003
复制标题
公众对美国使用武力态度的性别差异，19902003
DOI：
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发表时间：
2003
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Richard C. Eichenberg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Richard C. Eichenberg
在研究公众对 1990-91 年波斯湾危机和战争的反应中的性别差异时，弗吉尼亚·萨皮罗和帕梅拉·科诺弗分析了美国的一些调查项目，这些项目涉及假设的安全政策以及涉及使用军事力量及其后果的具体问题。结果很明显：尽管在更抽象的假设性问题上性别差异很弱或根本不存在，但当分析转向对伊拉克使用武力以及可能导致的平民和军事伤亡的具体问题时，差异确实变得很大。萨皮罗和科诺弗得出的结论是：“当我们从抽象转向具体——从假设的战争到海湾战争——女性和男性之间的距离拉大了，而且从每一项指标来看，女性的反应都更加消极。这些性别差异是政治心理学研究中最大、最一致的，而且在适当的情况下，其规模显然可以产生真正的政治意义。”1不到十年后，随着北约战机继续 在袭击塞尔维亚后，《基督教科学箴言报》报道称，关于科索沃战争的公众舆论中的性别差异远小于以往的战争：“美国对于使用武力的程度持续存在争论，性别差异和武力的使用
In their study of gender differences in public reactions to the 1990–91 Persian Gulf crisis and war, Virginia Sapiro and Pamela Conover analyzed a number of American survey items dealing with hypothetical security policies as well as concrete questions involving the use of military force and its consequences. The results were clear: Although a gender difference on the more abstract, hypothetical questions was weak or nonexistent, when the analysis turned to the speciac questions of using force against Iraq and the civilian and military casualties that could result, the differences became large indeed. Sapiro and Conover concluded that “when we moved from the abstract to the concrete—from hypothetical wars to the Gulf War—the distance separating women and men grew, and on every measure, women reacted more negatively. These gender differences are some of the largest and most consistent in the study of political psychology and are clearly of a magnitude that can have real political signiacance under the right circumstances.”1 Less than ten years later, as NATO warplanes continued their attacks against Serbia, the Christian Science Monitor reported that the gender difference in public opinion concerning the war over Kosovo was far smaller than it had been in previous wars: “As debate persists in America over how much to use force, Gender Differences and the Use of Force