Type 3 cystatins; fetuins, kininogen and histidine-rich glycoprotein
Type 3 cystatins; fetuins, kininogen and histidine-rich glycoprotein
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DOI：
10.2741/3422
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Claesson-Welsh, Lena
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee, Chunsik;Bongcam-Rudloff, Erik;Claesson-Welsh, Lena
本文综述了四种结构相关的丰富血浆蛋白的特性，即胎儿蛋白a / α -2- heremans schschmidt糖蛋白（AHSG）、胎儿蛋白b （FETUB）、激肽原（KNG）和富组氨酸糖蛋白（HRG）。这些蛋白在半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂的胱抑素超家族中形成一个亚群（标记为3型）。除了KNG， 3型蛋白似乎缺乏胱抑素活性。AHSG的主要作用是调节骨矿化；对FETUB的生理作用了解甚少。KNG在蛋白质复合物的组装中具有双重功能，可以启动表面活化的血液凝固级联，并作为激肽激素的前体。肝素结合HRG也参与凝血调节。此外，3型胱抑素的一些成员与肿瘤生长有关，并显示出调节内皮细胞功能和新血管的形成，血管生成。因此，这些蛋白可能潜在地用于治疗以血管生成过多为特征的疾病，如癌症。
This review describes the properties of four structurally related, abundant plasma proteins denoted fetuin-A/alpha-2-Heremans Schmid-glycoprotein (AHSG), fetuin-B (FETUB), kininogen (KNG) and histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG). These proteins form a subgroup (denoted type 3) within the cystatin superfamily of cysteine protease inhibitors. Apart from KNG, the type 3 proteins appear to lack cystatin activity. AHSG has its major function in regulation of bone mineralization; the physiological role of FETUB is poorly understood. KNG serves dual functions in the assembly of the protein complex initiating the surface-activated blood coagulation cascade and as a precursor for the kinin hormones. The heparin-binding HRG has also been implicated in regulation of coagulation. In addition, several members of the type 3 cystatins have been implicated in tumor growth and shown to regulate endothelial cell function and formation of new blood vessels, angiogenesis. Thus, these proteins may potentially be useful in treatment of diseases characterized by excess angiogenesis such as cancer.