Life Course Dynamics: Trajectories and Transitions, 1968–1980.Edited by Glen H. Elder, Jr. Cornell University Press, 1985. 345 pp. Cloth, $37.50; paper, $17.95
Life Course Dynamics: Trajectories and Transitions, 1968–1980.Edited by Glen H. Elder, Jr. Cornell University Press, 1985. 345 pp. Cloth, $37.50; paper, $17.95
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生命历程动态：轨迹与转变，1968-1980 年，格伦·H·埃尔德 (Glen H. Elder) 编辑，康奈尔大学出版社，1985 年。345 页。布，纸质版，37.50 美元，17.95 美元；
DOI：
10.1093/sf/66.2.587
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发表时间：
1987
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
K. Chew
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Chew
这本书从最近的其他生命历程研究文集中脱颖而出，因为它的作者使用了一个单一的、通用的数据来源：收入动态小组研究（PSID），它追踪了5000个美国家庭从1968年开始的十多年的经济财富。作为一个探索PSID作为生命历程数据来源的研讨会的产品，这项工作揭示了这个不朽的纵向档案的局限性和多功能性。这本书的第一章是由编辑格伦·埃尔德（Glen Elder）从他早期的作品中提取的理论导向，强调了个人生活过程中家庭、工作和精神职业之间的相互依存关系。在Elder的章节之后是两位主要架构师Greg Duncan和James Morgan对PSID的概述。包括一个21页的技术附录。这本书剩下的九章按照关注“轨迹”（长期的生活/职业道路）或“过渡”（短期的状态变化）的重点进行了划分。在第三章中，Sandra Hofferth从队列的角度研究了白人和黑人儿童生活安排的趋势。她发现，儿童越来越多地生活在与低收入相关的家庭安排中，这对他们的经济福祉有严重影响。菲利斯·莫恩（Phyllis Moen）在第四章中认为，最近妻子和年轻母亲中女性劳动力参与率的上升并不代表她们转向了持久的全职工作依恋；事实上，无论年龄或教育程度如何，母亲和妻子都没有占主导地位的就业模式。在第五章中，肯·史密斯讨论了健康和就业的“跨职业效应”。他的生存分析表明，健康和残疾对就业状况的影响大于就业状况对健康和残疾的影响，长期状态对就业状况的影响大于短期事件。玛吉·拉赫曼（Margie Lachman）在第六章中追溯了几组中年人四年来效能感的变化。她的观察表明，从中年早期到中年晚期，疗效呈u型轨迹。在第7章中，Sara McLanahan和Aage Sorensen建立了失业和迁居等生活事件对自我满意度的影响模型。它们表明，事件的影响因其经历的背景而异。在第八章中，Sue Augustyniak， Greg Duncan和jeffery Liker认为不同的心理适应理论需要相应的特定小组模型。为了说明这一点，他们研究了收入对男性个人效能感的影响。在另一篇方法论论文（第9章）中，Jennifer Glass、Sara Mc-Lanahan和Aage Sorensen开发了在离婚后调整研究中纠正样本选择偏差的程序。在第10章中，Albert Chevan和Gordon Sutton使用递增-递减生命表对生命历程种族和性别差异进行了鸟瞰。它们对一个人在几类家庭户主中预期花费的年数给出了针对亚人口的估计。最后，在第11章中，约翰·赫德森和理查德·哈里斯讨论了家庭之间日益加剧的收入不平等。他们发现有证据表明，这种增长大部分是由双职工家庭造成的。
This volume stands out from other recent collections of life course research because its authors use a single, common data source: the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), which traced the economic fortunes of 5,000 American families for more than a decade, beginning in 1968. The product of a workshop exploring the PSID as a source of life course data, this work reveals the limitations as well as the versatility of this monumental, longitudinal archive. The lead-off chapter, a theoretical orientation by the editor, Glen Elder, draws from his earlier work, emphasizing interdependence in the life course among individuals' family, work, and psychic careers. Following Elder's chapter is an overview of the PSID by two of its principal architects, Greg Duncan and James Morgan. A 21-page technical appendix is included. The book's nine remaining chapters are divided according to their focus either on" trajectories"(long-term life/career pathways) or on" transitions"(shortterm changes in state). In Chapter 3, Sandra Hofferth examines trends in white and black children's living arrangements from a cohort perspective. Her finding that children increasingly live in household arrangements associated with low income has grave implications for their economic well-being. Phyllis Moen, in Chapter 4, argues that recent increases in female laborforce participation among wives and young mothers do not represent a shift toward enduring, full-time work attachment; indeed, there is no predominant employment pattern for mothers and wives, regardless of age or education. In Chapter 5, Ken Smith discusses the" cross-career effects" of health and employment. His survival analysis indicates that health and disability have greater effects on employment status than vice versa, and that protracted states have greater effects than short-term events. Margie Lachman, in Chapter 6, traces four years of change in the sense of efficacy among several cohorts of the middle-aged. Her observations suggest a U-shaped trajectory of efficacy from early to late middle age. In Chapter 7, Sara McLanahan and Aage Sorensen model the impact of such life events as employment loss and residential relocation on self-satisfaction. They show that events vary in impact according to the context in which they are experienced. In Chapter 8, Sue Augustyniak, Greg Duncan, and Jefferey Liker argue that different theories of psychological adaptation require correspondingly specific panel models. To illustrate, they study the effect of earnings on men's personal efficacy. In another methodological paper (Chapter 9), Jennifer Glass, Sara Mc-Lanahan, and Aage Sorensen develop procedures for correcting sample-selection bias in studies of post-divorce adjustment. In Chapter 10, Albert Chevan and Gordon Sutton provide a bird's-eye view of life course race and sex differentials, using increment—decrement life tables. They present subpopulation-specific estimates of the number of years that a person can expect to spend in the several categories of household-headship. Finally, in Chapter 11, John Hedderson and Richard Harris address the increasing income inequality among households. They find evidence that most of this increase has been caused by dual-earner households.