Good Robots, Bad Robots: Morally Valenced Behavior Effects on Perceived Mind, Morality, and Trust
Good Robots, Bad Robots: Morally Valenced Behavior Effects on Perceived Mind, Morality, and Trust
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好机器人，坏机器人：道德价值行为对感知的心理、道德和信任的影响
DOI：
10.1007/s12369-020-00692-3
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发表时间：
2020-09-10
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Banks, Jaime
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Banks, Jaime
机器人和人类都可以以对其行为以及相关责任产生积极和负面评估的方式行事。然而，关于代理评估与价值行为之间联系的现存学术通常将道德行为视为一种整体现象，并且主要集中在道德偏差上。相比之下，当代道德心理学越来越多地考虑了与许多道德基础（护理，公平，权威，忠诚，纯洁，自由，自由）有关的道德判断。本调查旨在发现人类和机器人的社会判断是否随着道德基础特定行为的函数而出现不同。这项工作是在两项研究中进行的：（1）在线调查中，代理商对道德困境产生了观察到/介导的反应，以及（2）较小的基于实验室的复制，其代理提供了交互式/实时响应。在每项研究中，参与者都会评估六种基础特定行为的善良和责任，并评估代理人的思想，道德和信任。在这些研究中，结果表明（a）行为的道德判断可能是代理 - 敏捷的，（b）所有道德基础都可能有助于对代理的社会评估，以及（c）物理存在和代理阶级有助于分配责任的责任。行为。调查结果被解释为表明不良行为表示不良演员，但无论在情况下，机器在道德上都承担着更大的负担，无论他们的信用或责备如何。
Both robots and humans can behave in ways that engender positive and negative evaluations of their behaviors and associated responsibility. However, extant scholarship on the link between agent evaluations and valenced behavior has generally treated moral behavior as a monolithic phenomenon and largely focused on moral deviations. In contrast, contemporary moral psychology increasingly considers moral judgments to unfold in relation to a number of moral foundations (care, fairness, authority, loyalty, purity, liberty) subject to both upholding and deviation. The present investigation seeks to discover whether social judgments of humans and robots emerge differently as a function of moral foundation-specific behaviors. This work is conducted in two studies: (1) an online survey in which agents deliver observed/mediated responses to moral dilemmas and (2) a smaller laboratory-based replication with agents delivering interactive/live responses. In each study, participants evaluate the goodness of and blame for six foundation-specific behaviors, and evaluate the agent for perceived mind, morality, and trust. Across these studies, results suggest that (a) moral judgments of behavior may be agent-agnostic, (b) all moral foundations may contribute to social evaluations of agents, and (c) physical presence and agent class contribute to the assignment of responsibility for behaviors. Findings are interpreted to suggest that bad behaviors denote bad actors, broadly, but machines bear a greater burden to behave morally, regardless of their credit- or blame-worthiness in a situation.