Assessing UV filter inputs into beach waters during recreational activity: A field study of three French Mediterranean beaches from consumer survey to water analysis
Assessing UV filter inputs into beach waters during recreational activity: A field study of three French Mediterranean beaches from consumer survey to water analysis
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136010
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发表时间：
2020-03-01
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Radakovitch, Olivier
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Labille, Jerome;Slomberg, Danielle;Radakovitch, Olivier
为了评估海滩游客使用的防晒霜中紫外线过滤剂向沐浴区内海水的释放情况，我们于 2017 年夏季在法国地中海沿岸马赛的三个海滩开展了一项实地调查。一项社会调查分析了海滩游客的出席率、使用防晒产品的数量和类型以及沐浴频率，同时对沐浴水进行空间和时间分析，以量化直接释放和回收的矿物质和有机紫外线过滤剂。在三个海滩的休闲高峰期间，沐浴区检测到的矿物质和有机紫外线过滤剂的浓度高于近海。一般来说，水顶表层中回收的浓度高于水柱中的浓度，TiO2 分别为 100-900 和 20-50 μg/L，ZnO 为 10-15 和 1-3 μg/L，奥克立林为 40-420 和 30-150 ng/L，阿伏苯宗为 10-15 和 10-350 ng/L。 471 名受访者中，超过 75% 的人表示每次去海滩都会沐浴，其中 68% 的人平均使用防晒产品 2.6 次。根据这些数据，我们估计每天有 52 公斤或每月 1.4 吨的防晒产品可能会被排放到每天有 3000 人到访的海滩的沐浴水中。此类产品中紫外线过滤剂的质量比通常为 0.03 至 0.1，这使我们能够提出海滩水中的理论最大浓度。与理论浓度相比，我们对海水中测量的紫外线填料浓度的恢复揭示了矿物和有机过滤器的两种不同情况。虽然海滩游客使用的矿物过滤器中有高达 49% 可能会释放到海水中，但有机过滤器在环境中的回收率极低，很可能是由于通过皮肤屏障的内化或部分光降解。 (C) 2019 年作者。由 Elsevier B.V. 出版
In order to assess the release of UV filters from the sunscreen used by beachgoers into seawater within the bathing zone, a field campaign was carried out during the summer of 2017 at three beaches in Marseille, along the French Mediterranean coast. A social survey analyzed beachgoer attendance, the quantities and types of suncare products used and the bathing frequencies, while the bathing water was analyzed spatially and temporally so as to quantify both mineral and organic UV filters directly released and recovered.During the peak recreational time at the three beaches, both mineral and organic UV filters were detected in higher concentrations in the bathing area than offshore. In general, higher concentrations were recovered in the water top surface layer than in the water column, giving respectively 100-900 and 20-50 mu g/L for TiO2, 10-15 and 1-3 mu g/L for ZnO, 40-420 and 30-150 ng/L for octocrylene, and 10-15 and 10-350 ng/L for avobenzone.More than 75% of the 471 interviewees reported bathing every Lime they go to the beach, with 68% using a suncare product 2.6 times on average. From these data we estimated that an average mass of 52 kg/day or 1.4 t/month of suncare products are possibly released into bathing water for a beach attended by 3000 people daily. The mass ratio of UV filters in such products typically ranges from 0.03 to 0.1, allowing us to propose theoretical maximum concentrations in the beach water. Our recovery of measured UV filler concentrations in seawater compared to the theoretical concentrations revealed two distinct scenarios for the mineral and organic filters. While up to 49% of the mineral filters used by beachgoers may be released into the seawater, the organic filters were minimally recovered in the environment, most likely due to internalization through the skin barrier or partial photodegradation. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.