Head and neck posture in sauropod dinosaurs inferred from extant animals
Head and neck posture in sauropod dinosaurs inferred from extant animals
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DOI：
10.4202/app.2009.0007
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发表时间：
2009-06-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Naish, Darren
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Taylor, Michael P.;Wedel, Mathew J.;Naish, Darren
蜥脚类恐龙的颈部姿势长期以来一直存在争议。最近的重建将颈椎和颅骨定位在“骨学中立姿势”（ONP），通过使椎骨与关节突最大程度接触来达到最佳配合。这种孤立的方法表明，大多数或所有蜥脚类动物的脖子都是水平的。然而，大量的文献对现存的哺乳动物。海龟、有鳞目动物、鳄鱼和鸟类）的研究表明，活的动物在ONP中不会习惯性地保持它们的颈部。相反，颈部最大程度地伸展，头部最大程度地屈曲，使得颈部中部区域接近垂直。除非蜥脚类恐龙的行为与所有现存的恐龙群体不同。他们一定是习惯性地伸长脖子，弯曲头部。蜥脚类动物头部的生活方向是从半圆形运河的倾斜度推断出来的。然而，现存的动物在“水平”半圆形管道的倾斜度上表现出很大的变化：这种结构的方向没有严格的限制，只能给出灭绝动物头部生活姿势的一般概念。
The neck posture of sauropod dinosaurs has long been controversial. Recent reconstructions Position the cervical vertebrae and skull in an "osteological neutral pose" (ONP), the best fit arrived at by articulating the vertebrae with the zygapophyses in maximum contact. This approach in isolation suggests that most or all sauropods held their necks horizontally. However, a substantial literature on extant amniotes (mammals. turtles, squamates, crocodilians and birds) shows that living animals do not habitually maintain their necks in ONP. Instead, the neck is maximally extended and the head is maximally flexed, so that the mid-cervical region is near vertical. Unless sauropods behaved differently from all extant amniote groups. they must have habitually held their necks extended and their heads flexed. The life orientation of the heads of sauropods has been inferred from the inclination of the semi-circular canals. However, extant animals show wide variation in inclination of the "horizontal" semi-circular canal: the orientation of this structure is not tightly constrained and call give only a general idea of the life posture of extinct animals' heads.