Phenological diversity in tropical forests
Phenological diversity in tropical forests
复制标题
热带森林的物候多样性
作者：
S. Sakai
摘要热带森林生殖物候学最有趣和最复杂的特征之一是森林内和森林之间的高度多样性。为了理解这种多样性，Newstrom等人提供了一个热带开花物候分类的系统框架。他们采用频率和规律性作为优先标准，并对哥斯达黎加的拉塞尔瓦植物进行了分类，那里的大多数植物每年不规则地繁殖一次以上。许多其他研究表明，在包括拉塞尔瓦在内的新热带森林中，社区一级的降雨模式对应着年周期。另一方面，在东南亚的季节性低地龙脑香林中，各种植物物种之间的超年度开花同步，称为一般开花。在这两个森林中，发现了一个广泛的开花模式。这一范围的模式表明，热带物候学研究的巨大潜力，探索选择压力的物候。各种非生物和生物因素可以是选择性因子。共享传粉者假说认为，植物物种共享传粉者隔离开花暂时，以尽量减少种间重叠的开花时间，从而尽量减少无效授粉或传粉者的竞争，表明强大的系统发育限制开花的时间和变化。比较森林内部和森林之间的物候可以帮助我们了解物候的多样性。目前正在努力发展一种共同语言，以便交流概念，使调查人员对数据的解释更加一致，并建立一个促进比较研究的网络。
Abstract One of the most intriguing and complex characteristics of reproductive phenology in tropical forests is high diversity within and among forests. To understand such diversity, Newstrom et al. provided a systematic framework for the classification of tropical flowering phenology. They adopted frequency and regularity as criteria with priority, and classified plants in La Selva, Costa Rica, where most plants reproduced more than once a year irregularly. Many other studies have demonstrated annual cycles corresponding to rainfall patterns at the community level in Neotropical forests, including La Selva. On the other hand, supraannual flowering synchronized among various plant species, called general flowering, is known from aseasonal lowland dipterocarp forests in Southeast Asia. Within both forests, a wide spectrum of flowering patterns is found. This range of patterns suggests the great potential of tropical phenological studies to explore the selective pressures on phenology. Various abiotic and biotic factors can be selective agents. The shared pollinators hypothesis suggests that plant species sharing pollinators segregate flowering temporarily to minimize interspecific overlap in flowering times and thus minimize ineffective pollination or competition for pollinators, indicating strong phylogenetic constraints in timing and variation of flowering. Comparison of phenology within and among forests may help our understanding of phenological diversity. Attempts are now being made to develop a common language to communicate concepts and render interpretations of data more compatible among investigators and to create a network to promote comparative studies.