Effects of multiple stressors on fish shoal collective motion are independent and vary with shoaling metric
Effects of multiple stressors on fish shoal collective motion are independent and vary with shoaling metric
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.07.024
复制
发表时间：
2020-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Ioannou, Christos C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ginnaw, Georgina M.;Davidson, Isla K.;Ioannou, Christos C.
集体运动对某些动物的生存至关重要。尽管在理解鱼群和鸟群等动物群体方面取得了实质性进展，但尚不清楚集体行为如何受到多种环境条件变化的影响，这些环境条件可以相互作用作为压力源。使用完全析因重复测量设计，我们测试了独立的和综合的影响，黑暗和声噪声的集体运动的三刺，Gasterosteus aculeatus，量化使用高分辨率的跟踪数据从视频。相应的视觉的重要性，浅滩行为，黑暗增加最近邻距离和减少协调，测量速度的相关性和差异，最近的邻居之间的方向性标题。虽然个体的游泳速度没有受到黑暗的影响，但群体的质心较慢，这是黑暗中极化减少（即更大的群体混乱）的紧急效应。虽然额外的噪音对这些变量没有可检测的影响，但它改变了群体结构，鱼更有可能并排出现。当存在额外的声学噪声时，鱼也远离竞技场壁（即，显示出减少的壁跟随）。只有微弱的证据，两个压力的添加剂或交互作用。在不同的环境背景下，群体之间在速度、转向角度和个体与竞技场墙的距离方面存在一致的、可重复的差异（即群体个性差异），但唯一可重复的集体行为是群体极化。我们的研究表明，多种压力源可以产生独立的影响，影响行为的不同方面，并强调需要对多种压力源进行实证研究，因为它们的影响可能是不可预测的。(C)2020动物行为研究协会。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Collective movement is critical to the survival of some animals. Despite substantial progress in understanding animal collectives such as fish shoals and bird flocks, it is unknown how collective behaviour is affected by changes in multiple environmental conditions that can interact as stressors. Using a fully factorial repeated-measures design, we tested the independent and combined effects of darkness and acoustic noise on the collective motion of three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus, quantified using high-resolution tracking data from video. Corresponding to the importance of vision in shoaling behaviour, darkness increased nearest-neighbour distances and reduced coordination, measured as speed correlations and differences in directional heading between nearest neighbours. Although individual swimming speeds were not impacted by darkness, the group's centre of mass was slower, an emergent effect of reduced polarisation (i.e. greater group disorder) in darkness. While additional acoustic noise had no detectable effect on these variables, it altered group structure, with fish being more likely to be found side by side one another. Fish were also further from the arena wall (i.e. showed reduced wall following) when there was additional acoustic noise. There was only weak evidence for additive or interactive effects of the two stressors. Across the different environmental contexts, there were consistent, repeatable differences between groups (i.e. group personality variation) in the speed, turning angle and distance from the arena wall of individuals, but the only collective behaviour that was repeatable was group polarization. Our study demonstrates that multiple stressors can have independent effects that impact different aspects of behaviour and highlights the need for empirical studies on multiple stressors as their effects can be unpredictable. (C) 2020 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.