Overcoming the Bottleneck of Unreliable Grids: Increasing Reliability of Household Supply with Decentralized Backup Systems
Overcoming the Bottleneck of Unreliable Grids: Increasing Reliability of Household Supply with Decentralized Backup Systems
复制标题
克服不可靠电网的瓶颈：通过分散式备份系统提高家庭供电的可靠性
DOI：
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Blechinger
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Hoffmann;Setu Pelz;Òscar Monés;Michele Andreottola;P. Blechinger
长期以来，电气化工作一直是一个集中化、政治化和官僚化的过程，严重依赖于中央电网的扩展。然而，电网连接可能无法保证可靠的供电，甚至连上电网的家庭也可能仍然处于较低的电气化水平。通过促进太阳能家庭系统（SHS）在电气化计划中的整合，消费者可以缩短停电时间并爬上电气化的阶梯。为了评估这一潜力，我们根据初步调查数据（2018年）在尼泊尔Gauriganj地区进行了一项案例研究，包括对实际停电事件的实时测量。Offgridders是一个基于开放式能源建模框架的自编码开源仿真工具，用于确定多个备用系统（包括SHS和电池）的最佳电网支持能力。为了简化，假设电池具有5年的固定寿命，而不考虑未来燃料或电力价格的变化。为了比较解决方案，我们提出了有效的能源供应成本（EESC），从系统的年金和供电可靠性计算。对于电力需求较低的家庭（Tier 2），SHS约为为二次直流电路供电的10 Wp PV和100 Wh电池是最便宜的备用选项，价格为21欧元/年，可满足电网无法满足的所有日常需求。电力需求较高的家庭（Tier 4）最具成本效益的是由备用柴油发电机提供服务，然而，下一个最便宜的解决方案是SHS约。40 Wp PV和160 Wh电池，在停电期间以160 €/a为二次直流电路供电。鼓励对这些分散的可再生能源系统的投资可以支持实现可持续发展目标7的努力。
Electrification efforts have long been a centralized, politicized and bureaucratic process heavily dependent on central grid extension. However, grid connection may not guarantee reliable supply and even grid-connected households can remain in lower tiers of electrification. By promoting the integration of solar home systems (SHS) in electrification plans, consumers could bridge blackout times and climb the ladder of electrification. To evaluate this potential, we perform a case study in Gauriganj district in Nepal based on primary survey data (2018), including real-time measurements of actual blackout occurrences. Offgridders, a self-coded open-source simulation tool based on the Open Energy Modelling Framework, is applied to determine the optimal grid-supporting capacities of multiple backup systems, including SHS and batteries. As a simplification, batteries are assumed to have a fixed lifetime of 5 years, while future fuel or electricity price changes are not considered. To compare the solutions, we propose the Effective Energy Supply Costs (EESC), calculated from the system’s annuity and supply reliability. For households of lower electricity demand (Tier 2) an SHS of approx. 10 Wp PV and 100 Wh battery powering a secondary DC circuit is the cheapest backup-up option at 21 €/a, supplying all daily demand not met by the grid. A household with higher electricity demand (Tier 4) is most cost-effectively served by a backup diesel generator, however the next cheapest solution is an SHS of approx. 40 Wp PV and 160 Wh battery, powering a secondary DC circuit during blackouts at 160 €/a. Encouraging investments in these decentralized renewable energy systems can support efforts towards achieving SDG7.
估算发展中国家离网电气化的需求多样性和每日需求概况
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
Boait P
通讯作者：
Boait P