Winners and Losers in the Context of Global Change
Winners and Losers in the Context of Global Change
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全球变化背景下的赢家和输家
DOI：
10.1111/1467-8306.93107
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Leichenko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. O’Brien;R. Leichenko
摘要 全球变化产生赢家和输家的观点已被广泛接受。然而，对于“赢家”或“输家”的含义却很少有系统的讨论，也很少有人关注赢家和输家识别背后的理论基础。在全球变化文献中尤其如此，其中“赢家和输家”一词被广泛且相当宽松地使用。在本文中，我们在全球变化的两个方面：经济全球化和气候变化的背景下探讨赢家和输家的概念。我们首先确定关于赢家和输家的两个主要基本理论观点：一个认为赢家和输家是自然且不可避免的；另一个认为赢家和输家是自然且不可避免的。另一种观点认为，胜利者和失败者是社会和政治产生的。然后，我们将这些观点应用于当前对全球变化的研究，并证明它们发挥着决定性作用，影响着人们对胜利和失败意味着什么、谁是赢家和输家以及如何对待赢家和输家的看法。
Abstract The idea that global change produces winners and losers is widely accepted. Yet there have been few systematic discussions of what is meant by “winner” or “loser,” and little attention has been given to the theoretical underpinnings behind identification of winners and losers. This is particularly true within global-change literature, where the phrase “winners and losers” is widely and rather loosely used. In this article, we explore the concept of winners and losers in the context of two aspects of global change: economic globalization and climate change. We first identify two major underlying theoretical perspectives on winners and losers: one suggests that winners and losers are natural and inevitable; the other suggests that winners and losers are socially and politically generated. We then apply these perspectives to current research on global change and demonstrate that they play a decisive role, influencing opinions on what winning and losing entails, who winners and losers are, and how winners and losers should be addressed.