Antileukemic activity of nuclear export inhibitors that spare normal hematopoietic cells.

Antileukemic activity of nuclear export inhibitors that spare normal hematopoietic cells.
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DOI:
10.1038/leu.2012.219
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发表时间:
2013-01
期刊:
影响因子:
11.4
通讯作者:
Look, A. T.
Look, A. T.
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Etchin, J.;Sun, Q.;Kentsis, A.;Farmer, A.;Zhang, Z. C.;Sanda, T.;Mansour, M. R.;Barcelo, C.;McCauley, D.;Kauffman, M.;Shacham, S.;Christie, A. L.;Kung, A. L.;Rodig, S. J.;Chook, Y. M.;Look, A. T.

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针对核输出主要介质染色体区域维持 1 蛋白 (CRM1) 的药物具有治疗白血病的潜力,但现有的 CRM1 抑制剂显示出不同的效力和广泛的细胞毒性作用。在这里,我们报告了新一代 CRM1 小分子抑制剂的结构分析和抗白血病活性。这些化合物被指定为核输出选择性抑制剂 (SINE),是使用分子模型开发的,用于针对 CRM1 的核输出信号 (NES) 凹槽筛选小型化合物虚拟库。与此类抑制剂的代表分子 KPT-251 结合的 CRM1-Ran-RanBP1 复合物的 2.2-Å 晶体结构表明,该药物占据了 CRM1 中通常由 NES 占据的部分凹槽,但渗透到凹槽更深,并阻止 CRM1 定向的蛋白质输出。 SINE 抑制剂表现出有效的抗白血病活性,在代表不同分子亚型的 14 种人类急性髓性白血病 (AML) 细胞系中,以纳摩尔浓度诱导细胞凋亡。当给移植了人类 AML 细胞的免疫缺陷小鼠口服给药时,KPT-251 具有有效的抗白血病活性,而对正常造血细胞的毒性可以忽略不计。因此,KPT-SINE CRM1 拮抗剂代表了一类新型药物,值得在 AML 患者中进行进一步测试。
Drugs that target the chief mediator of nuclear export, chromosome region maintenance 1 protein (CRM1) have potential as therapeutics for leukemia, but existing CRM1 inhibitors show variable potencies and a broad range of cytotoxic effects. Here, we report the structural analysis and antileukemic activity of a new generation of small-molecule inhibitors of CRM1. Designated selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINE), these compounds were developed using molecular modeling to screen a small virtual library of compounds against the nuclear export signal (NES) groove of CRM1. The 2.2-Å crystal structure of the CRM1-Ran-RanBP1 complex bound to KPT-251, a representative molecule of this class of inhibitors, shows that the drug occupies part of the groove in CRM1 that is usually occupied by the NES, but penetrates much deeper into the groove and blocks CRM1-directed protein export. SINE inhibitors exhibit potent antileukemic activity, inducing apoptosis at nanomolar concentrations in a panel of 14 human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines representing different molecular subtypes of the disease. When administered orally to immunodeficient mice engrafted with human AML cells, KPT-251 had potent antileukemic activity with negligible toxicity to normal hematopoietic cells. Thus, KPT-SINE CRM1 antagonists represent a novel class of drugs that warrant further testing in AML patients.
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