Arrival and progression of the Swallow Hirundo rustica through Britain
Arrival and progression of the Swallow Hirundo rustica through Britain
复制标题
DOI：
10.1080/00063659809461108
复制
发表时间：
1998-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
Sparks, TH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huin, N;Sparks, TH
本文从皇家气象学会（1883-1947）的物候报告中精选了20个年份的燕子到达日期。这些年份代表了英国1000个不同地点的观测结果，每年有24到325个地点。燕子的到达日期以两种不同的方式进行处理：（II）使用地理信息系统，每年绘制等高线图并进行主观比较;（2）使用英国和欧洲的气候数据，对平均到达日期和通过英国的进展速度的年间变化进行统计分析。燕子以平均每天50公里的速度穿过英国.在“早期”到达的年份，燕子沿着西南-东北轴线前进，从西南方向进入英国（该地区在4月前接受了最多的累积热量）。在“晚到”的年份里，他们沿着沿着南北轴线在英国旅行得更快。在英国和法国西部较温暖的4月，以及在伊比利亚较温暖的3月之后，抵达日期较早。尽管燕子春季迁徙的时间与欧洲气温有关，但气候变化未来可能产生的影响可能无法预测，因为还必须考虑非洲的环境条件和种群规模的变化。
Arrival dates of Swallows from 20 carefully chosen years of the phenological reports of the Royal Meteorological Society (1883-1947) were abstracted. These years represent observations from 1000 different localities in Britain and from between 24 and 325 localities per year. Arrival dates of the Swallow were processed in two different ways: (II using a Geographical Information System, contour maps were produced for each year and compared subjectively; (2) using climatic data from Britain and Europe, between-year variation in average arrival date and in speed of progression through Britain were analysed statistically. Swallows progressed through Britain at an average speed of about 50 km day(-1). In 'early' arrival years, Swallows progressed along a southwest-northeast axis, entering Britain by the southwest (the region receiving the most accumulated heat by April). They travelled faster across Britain in 'late' arrival years along a south-north axis. Arrival dates were earlier during warmer Aprils in Britain and western France, and following a warmer March in Iberia. Although the timing of spring migration of the Swallow is related to European temperatures, the possible future effects of climatic changes may not be predictable because environmental conditions in Africa and changes in population size must also be taken into consideration.