The first half of tetrapod evolution, sampling proxies, and fossil record quality
The first half of tetrapod evolution, sampling proxies, and fossil record quality
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四足动物进化的前半部分、取样代用物和化石记录的质量
DOI：
10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.09.005
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发表时间：
2013-02-15
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Sakamoto, Manabu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Benton, Michael J.;Ruta, Marcello;Sakamoto, Manabu
四足动物进化的前半期见证了进化枝的大幅多样化以及几次重大的更替和大规模灭绝。自其起源以来，距今 380 多迈尔，到距今 175 迈尔的中侏罗世初期，四足动物显然断断续续地多样化，在中二叠世达到最高水平，并在莫斯科晚期、早二叠世、沃迪安、下乌恰平世、二叠纪末期、下安尼阶、下拉丁阶、晚三叠世（下诺里阶到上雷蒂阶）表现出多样性的大幅下降，三叠纪末期和早侏罗世（上西尼穆阶，下普林斯巴阶）。在这些多样性下降中，只有二叠纪末期和三叠纪末期对应于公认的大规模灭绝，而莫斯科晚期和诺里安早期的下降则对应于先前确定的其他环境危机。其余的可能是真正的灭绝或更替事件，或者部分是有偏差的抽样造成的。地层数量和四足动物古多样性之间存在很强的相关性，表明原始数据中存在采样成分，但整个时间跨度的协变并不均匀，从泥盆纪到中二叠世较差，从晚二叠世到早侏罗世较好。四足动物古多样性时间序列与其他假定的采样指标（例如标本完整性、出版物数量、地图面积、有间隙的沉积单元、岩石体积、地层和化石收藏）之间存在协变的证据有限。多重相关性建模表明，编队计数通常是最好的解释模型，无论是单独使用还是与其他“采样”时间序列相结合。然而，尚不清楚地层计数是否独立于古多样性时间序列，因为两个信号的上升和下降都可能反映原始多样性或保存或采样的变化。 (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
The first half of tetrapod evolution witnessed substantial diversification of the clade and several major turnovers and mass extinctions. In the time since their origin, more than 380 Myr ago, to the beginning of the Middle Jurassic 175 Myr ago, tetrapods apparently diversified fitfully, reaching their highest level in the Middle Permian, and showing major diversity declines in the late Moscovian, Early Permian, Wordian, lower Wuchiapingian, end-Permian, lower Anisian, lower Ladinian, Late Triassic (lower Norian to upper Rhaetian), end-Triassic, and Early Jurassic (upper Sinemurian, lower Pliensbachian). Of these diversity drops, only the end-Permian and end-Triassic correspond to recognised mass extinctions, and the late Moscovian and early Norian drops to other previously identified environmental crises. The remainder could be real extinction or turnover events, or partially artefacts of biased sampling. There are strong correlations between formation counts and tetrapod palaeodiversity, suggesting a sampling component in the raw data, but the covariation is not uniform through the whole time span, being poor from Devonian to Middle Permian, and better from Late Permian to Early Jurassic. There is limited evidence for covariation between the tetrapod palaeodiversity time series and other putative sampling metrics, such as specimen completeness, numbers of publications, map areas, gap-bounded sedimentary units, rock volumes, formations, and fossil collections. Modelling by multiple correlations shows that formation count is generally the best explanatory model, either on its own, or combined with other 'sampling' time series. However, it is not clear that formation count is independent of the palaeodiversity time series, because rises and falls in both signals could reflect variations in original diversity or in preservation or in sampling. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.