Types of social support and parental acceptance among transfemale youth and their impact on mental health, sexual debut, history of sex work and condomless anal intercourse
Types of social support and parental acceptance among transfemale youth and their impact on mental health, sexual debut, history of sex work and condomless anal intercourse
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DOI：
10.7448/ias.19.3.20781
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发表时间：
2016-07-01
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Wilson, Erin C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Le, Victory;Arayasirikul, Sean;Wilson, Erin C.
引言：跨性别女性青少年（TFY）是一个服务不足且研究匮乏的群体，面临众多不良身心健康后果的风险，其中最显著的是感染艾滋病病毒（HIV）。研究表明，父母的接纳和社会支持可能是针对TFY预防HIV及其他风险的保护因素；然而，尚不清楚TFY是否从接受或不接受其性别认同的父母那里获得主要社会支持。本研究考察了具有两种主要社会支持类型——非父母主要社会支持（NPPSS）和父母主要社会支持（PPSS）的TFY在父母接纳、心理健康以及性工作史、初次性行为年龄和无套肛交行为等HIV风险因素方面的差异。
方法：对2012年至2014年在旧金山湾区收集的301名TFY的横断面数据进行分析，以确定有和没有PPSS的青少年在父母接纳、心理健康和HIV风险因素方面的差异。进行单变量统计和卡方检验，以确定父母接纳和健康结果是否与社会支持类型相关。
结果：251名参与者（83.7%）报告有NPPSS，49名（16.3%）报告有PPSS。有PPSS的青少年在父母接纳项目上给出肯定回答的比例明显高于有NPPSS的青少年。例如，有PPSS的青少年中有87.8%报告其父母相信他们作为跨性别成年人可以有一个幸福的未来，而有NPPSS的青少年中这一比例为51.6%（p < 0.001）。有PPSS的参与者报告心理困扰症状的比例较低（2.0%对12.5%，p = 0.057），尽管这一发现没有统计学意义；在主要社会支持类型和HIV风险因素之间未发现显著关联。
结论：这些结果表明，其性别认同被父母接纳的TFY更有可能将父母作为其主要社会支持来源。注重父母对其孩子性别认同的接纳的干预措施可能最有希望在TFY的生活中建立父母社会支持系统。
Introduction: Transfemale youth (TFY) are an underserved and understudied population at risk for numerous poor physical and mental health outcomes, most notably HIV. Research suggests that parental acceptance and social support may serve as protective factors against HIV and other risks for TFY; however, it is unclear whether TFY receive primary social support from parents with or without parental acceptance of their gender identity. This study examines differences in parental acceptance, mental health and the HIV risk factors of history of sex work, age at sexual debut and engagement in condomless anal intercourse between TFY with two types of primary social support - non-parental primary social support (NPPSS) and parental primary social support (PPSS).Methods: Cross-sectional data collected from 301 TFY from 2012 to 2014 in the San Francisco Bay Area were analyzed to determine differences in parental acceptance, mental health and HIV risk factors between youth with and without PPSS. Univariate statistics and chi-squared tests were conducted to determine if parental acceptance and health outcomes were correlated with type of social support.Results: Two-hundred fifty-one participants (83.7%) reported having NPPSS, and 49 (16.3%) reported PPSS. Significantly more youth with PPSS reported affirmative responses on parental acceptance items than their NPPSS counterparts. For example, 87.8% of youth with PPSS reported that their parents believed they could have a happy future as a trans adult, compared with 51.6% of youth with NPPSS (p < 0.001). Fewer participants with PPSS reported symptoms of psychological distress (2.0% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.057), though this finding was not statistically significant; no significant associations were found between primary social support type and HIV risk factors.Conclusions: These results suggest that TFY with parental acceptance of their gender identity may be more likely to reach out to their parents as their primary source of social support. Interventions focused on parental acceptance of their child's gender identity may have the most promise for creating parental social support systems in the lives of TFY.