Pattern recognition receptors in antifungal immunity.

Pattern recognition receptors in antifungal immunity.
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DOI:
10.1007/s00281-014-0462-4
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发表时间:
2015-03
影响因子:
9
通讯作者:
Brown, Gordon D.
Brown, Gordon D.
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Plato, Anthony;Hardison, Sarah E.;Brown, Gordon D.

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先天免疫系统的受体是抵御感染的第一道防线,能够识别并启动对入侵微生物的炎症反应。Toll样受体(TLR)、Nod样受体(NLR)、Rig-I样受体(RLR)和C型凝集素样受体(CLR)是包括真菌在内的多种生物识别的四个受体家族。许多模式识别受体(PRRs)能够在识别真菌细胞壁成分和包括真菌核酸在内的其他保守分子模式时启动先天免疫和极化适应性反应。这些受体在正常宿主中诱导有效的真菌清除机制,但药物干预、免疫抑制或遗传易感性可能导致真菌感染。在这篇综述中,我们强调了PRR在真菌感染中的重要性,特别是CLR,这是主要的PRR。我们将详细描述特定的PRR,受体协作在真菌识别和清除中的重要性,并描述PRR中的遗传异常如何有助于疾病病理。
Receptors of the innate immune system are the first line of defence against infection, being able to recognise and initiate an inflammatory response to invading microorganisms. The Toll-like (TLR), NOD-like (NLR), RIG-I-like (RLR) and C-type lectin-like receptors (CLR) are four receptor families that contribute to the recognition of a vast range of species, including fungi. Many of these pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are able to initiate innate immunity and polarise adaptive responses upon the recognition of fungal cell wall components and other conserved molecular patterns, including fungal nucleic acids. These receptors induce effective mechanisms of fungal clearance in normal hosts, but medical interventions, immunosuppression or genetic predisposition can lead to susceptibility to fungal infections. In this review, we highlight the importance of PRRs in fungal infection, specifically CLRs, which are the major PRR involved. We will describe specific PRRs in detail, the importance of receptor collaboration in fungal recognition and clearance, and describe how genetic aberrations in PRRs can contribute to disease pathology.
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