Characteristics of successful alien plants
Characteristics of successful alien plants
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DOI：
10.1111/mec.13013
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发表时间：
2015-05
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
M. van Kleunen;W. Dawson;Noëlie Maurel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. van Kleunen;W. Dawson;Noëlie Maurel
赫伯特贝克可以说是开始寻找物种特征决定外来植物入侵的成功，他的“理想杂草”的提法。今天，大量的研究已经测试了无数的性状，因为它们在解释外来植物成功方面的重要性，但是使用的多种方法并不总是合适的，导致了一些混乱和批评。我们认为，更好地理解解释外来植物成功的特点，需要一个完善的方法，尊重多阶段，多尺度的入侵过程的性质。我们提出了一个图式的问题，我们可以问关于外来物种的成功，与回答一个问题的图式是有条件的回答前面的问题（从而承认入侵阶段的嵌套性质）。对于每一个问题，我们确定了我们认为在解释物种成功方面可能最重要的物种的特征和属性，并且我们预测了成功的外星人在特征上与本地人和不成功的外星人有何不同。我们根据他们所解决的问题来组织实证研究的结果，以评估他们在多大程度上支持我们的预测。我们相信，对外来物种的植物性状的研究已经告诉我们很多关于为什么一些外来物种在引进后会成功的问题。然而，如果我们在适当的尺度上提出正确的问题，并使用适当的比较器，对特质的研究可能会告诉我们它们是否真的重要，如果是，在什么条件下。
Herbert Baker arguably initiated the search for species characteristics determining alien plant invasion success, with his formulation of the ‘ideal weed’. Today, a profusion of studies has tested a myriad of traits for their importance in explaining success of alien plants, but the multiple, not always appropriate, approaches used have led to some confusion and criticism. We argue that a greater understanding of the characteristics explaining alien plant success requires a refined approach that respects the multistage, multiscale nature of the invasion process. We present a schema of questions we can ask regarding the success of alien species, with the answering of one question in the schema being conditional on the answer of preceding questions (thus acknowledging the nested nature of invasion stages). For each question, we identify traits and attributes of species we believe are likely to be most important in explaining species success, and we make predictions as to how we expect successful aliens to differ from natives and from unsuccessful aliens in their characteristics. We organize the findings of empirical studies according to the questions in our schema that they have addressed, to assess the extent to which they support our predictions. We believe that research on plant traits of alien species has already told us a lot about why some alien species become successful after introduction. However, if we ask the right questions at the appropriate scale and use appropriate comparators, research on traits may tell us whether they are really important or not, and if so under which conditions.