A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE DEMARCATION OF MARINE MOLLUSCAN FAUNAL REGIONS OF CHINA AND ITS ADJACENT WATERS
A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE DEMARCATION OF MARINE MOLLUSCAN FAUNAL REGIONS OF CHINA AND ITS ADJACENT WATERS
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发表时间：
1963
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通讯作者：
S. Tchang
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作者：
S. Tchang
我们海洋中的软体动物在种类和数量上都很丰富。解放前，只有少数几篇关于某些地区某些软体动物类群的报道。迄今为止，中国软体动物区系区划的研究还很薄弱。本研究的材料是在过去十年或更长时间内收集的。主要结果如下：1.中国海洋软体动物区系由3个成分组成：（1）北方成分，主要由仅分布于黄海和渤海的少数北方种组成;（2）印度-西太平洋成分，主要由大量南方种组成，其中有些种类沿着我国沿海，有些种类仅分布于东海和南海或仅分布于南海;（3）中日特有种，包括仅在黄海和日本北方沃茨出现的温带种，以及在东海、南海和日本南部沃茨出现的暖水性种。2.通过对35个暖水性科和某些温带型、纯热带型的分布分析，我们划分出我国海域软体动物区系的如下几个区系：（1）暖温带区，包括黄海和渤海;（2）包括东海在内的亚热带地区，台湾西北海岸和海南北方海岸;（3）包括台湾东南海岸在内的热带地区，海南岛南端沿海及其以南地区。根据日本沃茨周围分布的一些种类，其中有些种类在我国沃茨的分布北方界局限于长江口及其邻近地区，有些则局限于海南岛南端和西沙群岛，我们倾向于推断日本亚热带软体动物区系的北方界在东京以东的长西附近，南界位于奄美大岛附近，略北于流桥群岛（见表3-5）。4.与邻近沃茨比较，中国海洋软体动物区系与日本的关系密切。对属于八个科的物种进行数量分析的结果表明，我们的许多物种也出现在日本的沃茨（见表1）。根据中国和日本软体动物区系组成的相似性，认为在中国和日本的亚热带地区内，存在着一个独立的动物地理单位，它是印度-西太平洋地区的一部分，可定为中日亚区。其以南地区，如海南岛南端沿海、台湾东南部沿海和西沙群岛沿海，应属于热带印度-马来亚亚区。黄海、渤海、日本北方海岸及其以北地区可能属于北太平洋温带地区的远东次区域（见图2）。
The molluscan fauna of our seas is rich both in species and in quantity. Before the liberation, there were only a few published reports concerning certain molluscan groups of certain regions. Up to now, the demarcation of Chinese molluscan faunal regions is still poorly investigated. The material for the present study was collected during the last ten years or more. The principal results may be summarized as follows :1. The Chinese marine molluscan fauna is made up of 3 components: (1) a boreal element which is composed of a few northern species occurring only in the Yellow Sea and Pohai; (2) an Indo-West-Pacific element which is composed of great number of southern species, some of which are widely distributed along our coasts, others are restricted to the East and South China Sea or only to the South China Sea; (3) an endemic element of the Sino-Japanese region, which includes some temperate species occurring only in the Yellow Sea and in the waters of northern Japan, and warm-water species occurring in the East and South China Sea and in waters of southern Japan. 2. As a result of analysis of the distribution of the members of 35 warm water families and of certain temperate and pure tropical forms, we were able to delineate the following molluscan faunal regions of our seas: (1) a warm temperate region which includes the Yellow Sea and Pohai; (2) a subtropical region which includes the East China Sea, the north-western coast of Taiwan and the northern coast of Hainan and (3) a tropical region including the south-eastern coast of Taiwan, the coast of the southern tip of Hainan Island and the area south of them.3. Based on the distribution around Japanese waters of some species, some of which in our waters have restricted their northern limit of distribution at the mouth of Yangtze river and its adjacent area and others at the southern tip of Hainan Island and Paracel Islands, we are inclined to infer that the northern boundary of the subtropical molluscan fauna of Japan lies near Chosi, east of Tokyo, on the oceanic side and about Noto peninsula on the Sea of Japan, While its southern boundary lies near Amami-Oshima, slightly north of Riu Kiu Islands (see tables 3-5).4. The marine molluscan fauna of China, compared with that of adjacent waters, is closely allied with that of Japan. The results of quantitative analysis of species belonging to eight families show that a great number of our species occur also in the waters of Japan (see table 1).5. According to the resemblance of the components of the Chinese and Japanese molluscan fauna, it seems better to consider that within the subtropical regions of China and Japan there is an independent zoogeographical unit, which is a part of the Indo-West-Pacific region and may be designated as Sino-Japanese subregion. The areas south of it, such as the coasts of the southern tip of Hainan Island, south-eastern Taiwan and the Paracel Islands, should belong to the tropical Indo-Malayan subregion. The Yellow Sea, Pohai, the northern Japanese coast and regions north of it may belong to the Far East subregion of the temperate North Pacific region (see fig. 2).