Understanding antibiotic use: practices, structures and networks.
Understanding antibiotic use: practices, structures and networks.
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DOI：
10.1093/jacamr/dlab150
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发表时间：
2021-12
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Chandler CIR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tompson AC;Manderson L;Chandler CIR
在这篇文章中，我们考虑社会科学如何帮助我们理解全球抗生素使用率的上升。利用人种学作为研究我们如何生活在世界上的一种方法，我们探索了在全球化、农业变化和城市化的背景下，将抗生素的使用与病原体、人类、动物和环境的相互作用联系起来的学术研究。我们将这项研究分为三个领域：实践、结构和网络。许多关于抗菌素耐药性的公共卫生和相关社会研究都侧重于将抗生素的使用作为一种做法，研究表征了患者、农民、渔民、药商、临床医生和其他人如何使用抗生素。研究人员还将抗生素的使用定位为政治经济结构的紧急情况，揭示了工作和生活条件、护理质量、卫生和卫生设施如何促进对抗生素的依赖。越来越多的研究认为，抗生素嵌入了网络，除了社会和机构网络外，还包括物理、技术和历史联系，如指南、供应链和报告系统。综上所述，这项研究强调了抗生素已经融入日常生活的多种方式。在解决抗生素使用问题时，需要考虑更广泛的问题，如果不通过人种学方法加以解释，这些问题可能是不可见的。采用实践、网络和结构的互补优势可以支持我们对AMR的反应多样化。
In this article, we consider how social sciences can help us to understand the rising use of antibiotics globally. Drawing on ethnography as a way to research how we are in the world, we explore scholarship that situates antibiotic use in relation to interactions of pathogens, humans, animals and the environment in the context of globalization, changes in agriculture and urbanization. We group this research into three areas: practices, structures and networks. Much of the public health and related social research concerning antimicrobial resistance has focused on antibiotic use as a practice, with research characterizing how antibiotics are used by patients, farmers, fishermen, drug sellers, clinicians and others. Researchers have also positioned antibiotic use as emergent of political-economic structures, shedding light on how working and living conditions, quality of care, hygiene and sanitation foster reliance on antibiotics. A growing body of research sees antibiotics as embedded in networks that, in addition to social and institutional networks, comprise physical, technical and historical connections such as guidelines, supply chains and reporting systems. Taken together, this research emphasizes the multiple ways that antibiotics have become built into daily life. Wider issues, which may be invisible without explication through ethnographic approaches, need to be considered when addressing antibiotic use. Adopting the complementary vantage points of practices, networks and structures can support the diversification of our responses to AMR.