Violence Exposure and Ethnic Identification: Evidence from Kashmir
Violence Exposure and Ethnic Identification: Evidence from Kashmir
复制标题
暴力暴露与种族认同：来自克什米尔的证据
DOI：
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
7.8
通讯作者：
Nicholas Sambanis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gautam Nair;Nicholas Sambanis
摘要本文探讨了导致周边少数民族认同国家、本民族或邻国的条件。我们通过研究暴力、心理距离和民族地位如何决定认同，为分离主义和民族统一主义的研究做出了贡献。这项分析使用了一项新实验的数据，该实验随机抽取了印度查谟和克什米尔邦克什米尔山谷地区的一项大型代表性调查中的实际暴力视频。克什米尔山谷地区是分离主义和民族统一主义冲突的持久场所。我们发现，一个强大的地区身份是一个平衡的民族统一主义，但暴力镇压的国家可以推动少数民族成员认同一个民族统一主义的邻居。暴力增加了与国家的距离感，降低了国家认同感。有暗示性的证据表明，这些影响集中在那些具有预测对国家有更高认同感的属性的个体中。在与国家心理距离很大的情况下，有关经济增长带来的一体化机构和国家地位提高的信息不足以诱导国家认同。
Abstract This article studies the conditions that lead peripheral minorities to identify with the state, their ethnic group, or neighboring countries. We contribute to research on separatism and irredentism by examining how violence, psychological distance, and national status determine identification. The analysis uses data from a novel experiment that randomized videos of actual violence in a large, representative survey of the Kashmir Valley region in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir, an enduring site of separatist and irredentist conflict. We find that a strong regional identity is a counterweight to irredentism, but violent repression by the state can push members of the minority to identify with an irredentist neighbor. Violence increases perceived distance from the nation and reduces national identification. There is suggestive evidence that these effects are concentrated among individuals with attributes that otherwise predict higher levels of identification with the state. Information about integrative institutions and increased national status brought about by economic growth is insufficient to induce national identification in a context where psychological distance from the nation is large.