Reducing a Suicidal Person's Access to Lethal Means of Suicide A Research Agenda
Reducing a Suicidal Person's Access to Lethal Means of Suicide A Research Agenda
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DOI：
10.1016/j.amepre.2014.05.028
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发表时间：
2014-09-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Miller, Matthew J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barber, Catherine W.;Miller, Matthew J.
在其他国家，减少高致命性和常用自杀方法的可用性与自杀率下降30%-50%有关。概述了手段限制的理论和证据。其功效的大多数证据来自人口一级的干预措施和自然实验。在美国，51%的自杀是通过枪支完成的，并且家庭拥有枪支很常见并且可能继续如此，减少自杀者获得枪支的机会通常不是通过法令或其他立法举措来实现的，而是通过呼吁个人决定来实现的，例如，通过咨询-使人们及其家人有可能在离家较远的地方临时存放家庭枪支，或以其他方式使家庭枪支无法进入，风险，直到他们康复。供应商、看门人和枪支拥有者团体是这项工作的重要伙伴。研究需要在一些领域：通信研究，以确定有效的信息和信使“致命手段咨询”，临床试验，以确定有效的干预措施，转化研究，以确保这些干预措施在临床和社区环境中的广泛吸收，以及基础研究，以更好地了解方法的选择和替代。除枪支外，还讨论了自杀方法。手段限制是为数不多的以经验为基础的策略之一，可以大幅减少自杀死亡人数。(C)2014年美国预防医学杂志
Reducing the availability of highly lethal and commonly used suicide methods has been associated with declines in suicide rates of as much as 30%-50% in other countries. The theory and evidence underlying means restriction is outlined. Most evidence of its efficacy comes from population-level interventions and natural experiments. In the U.S., where 51% of suicides are completed with firearms and household firearm ownership is common and likely to remain so, reducing a suicidal person's access to firearms will usually be accomplished not by fiat or other legislative initiative but rather by appealing to individual decision, for example, by counseling at-risk people and their families to temporarily store household firearms away from home or otherwise making household firearms inaccessible to the at-risk person until they have recovered. Providers, gatekeepers, and gun owner groups are important partners in this work. Research is needed in a number of areas: communications research to identify effective messages and messengers for "lethal means counseling," clinical trials to identify effective interventions, translational research to ensure broad uptake of these interventions across clinical and community settings, and foundational research to better understand method choice and substitution. Approaches to suicide methods other than firearms are discussed. Means restriction is one of the few empirically based strategies to substantially reduce the number of suicide deaths. (C) 2014 American Journal of Preventive Medicine