The effect of feed form and delivery method on feed microbiology and growth performance in grow-finisher pigs
The effect of feed form and delivery method on feed microbiology and growth performance in grow-finisher pigs
复制标题
DOI：
10.1093/jas/skaa021
复制
发表时间：
2020-03-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Lawlor, Peadar G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
O'Meara, Fiona M.;Gardiner, Gillian E.;Lawlor, Peadar G.
肥育猪的饲养没有公认的最佳饲喂形式和饲喂方式。本研究的目的是比较饲料形式(粉粒和颗粒)和输送方式(液体、干和湿/干)对肥育猪饲料微生物和生长、增重比(G：F)和屠体品质的影响。使用了两批猪，每批猪每个处理有六个围栏重复。每批216头猪(32.7公斤；+/-0.48 SE)被关在同性(全公猪或母猪)栏内，每栏6头猪，在屠宰前62d进行类似的处理。试验采用2×3因子安排，包括饲粮形式(粗饲料和颗粒饲料)和饲料输送(干、湿/干、液体)三个因素。处理包括：1)干饲喂饲料粉，2)湿/干饲喂饲料粉，3)液体系统饲喂，4)干饲喂颗粒饲料，5)湿/干饲喂颗粒饲料，6)液体系统颗粒饲料。测定猪的生长性能，在屠宰时采集血液样本进行血液学分析，并进行饲料的微生物和工业分析。在整个试验期间，处理1至处理6的G：F分别为0.446、0.433、0.423、0.474、0.459和0.418 g/g(SE=0.0080；P<；0.01)。当饲料为颗粒饲料时，当饲料是干的或湿/干的时候，G：F比饲料提高，但当饲料是液体时，颗粒饲料不影响G：F。总体平均日增重(ADG)没有交互作用。饲喂粗饲料和颗粒饲料的日增重分别为1,114和1,156 g/d(SE=16.9；P<；0.01)，干、湿/干和液体饲喂的日增重分别为1,080、1,114和1,210 g/d(SE=18.4；P<；0.001)。粗饲料和颗粒饲料的屠体重分别为76.6和79.0 kg(SE=0.55；P<；0.001)，干料、湿/干料和液体饲料分别为74.7、77.3和81.5 kg(SE=0.60；P<；0.001)。无论是粉状还是颗粒状，液体中的乳酸菌(P<；0.05)和酵母菌(P<；0.01)数量都比干饲料多。液体日粮中也有赖氨酸降解的证据，但这并不影响猪的生长。与膳食颗粒相比，颗粒饮食可以降低血红蛋白，增加白细胞和中性粒细胞计数(P<；0.05)。综上所述，为了最大限度地提高生长肥育猪的生长速度，同时优化生长肥育猪的生长性能，建议采用干湿混合饲喂。
There is no generally accepted optimal feed form and delivery method for feeding finisher pigs. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of feed form (meal and pellet) and delivery method (liquid, dry, and wet/dry) on feed microbiology and growth, gain-to-feed ratio (G:F), and carcass quality of finisher pigs. Two batches of pigs were used, each with six pen replicates per treatment. In each batch 216 pigs (32.7 kg; +/- 0.48 SE) housed in same-sex (entire male or female) pens of six pigs per pen were on treatment for similar to 62 d prior to slaughter. The experiment was a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement with two factors for diet form (meal and pellets) and three factors for feed delivery (dry, wet/dry, liquid). The treatments were 1) meal from dry feeder, 2) meal from wet/dry feeder, 3) meal from liquid system, 4) pellet from dry feeder, 5) pellet from wet/dry feeder, and 6) pellet from liquid system. Pig growth performance was determined, blood samples collected at slaughter for hematological analysis and microbiological and proximate analysis of feed performed. A significant feed form x delivery interaction was found for G:F. During the overall period G:F was 0.446, 0.433, 0.423, 0.474, 0.459, and 0.418 g/g (SE = 0.0080; P < 0.01) for treatments 1 through 6, respectively. When feed was pelleted, G:F was improved when feed delivery was dry or wet/dry compared to meal but when the delivery was liquid, pelleting did not affect G:F. There were no interactive effects for overall average daily gain (ADG). Overall ADG was 1,114 and 1,156 g/d (SE = 16.9; P < 0.01) for pigs fed diets in meal and pellet form, respectively and 1,080, 1,114, and 1,210 g/d (SE = 18.4; P < 0.001) for dry-, wet/dry-, and liquid-fed pigs, respectively. Carcass weight was 76.6 and 79.0 kg (SE = 0.55; P < 0.001) for pigs fed in meal and pellet form, respectively, while it was 74.7, 77.3, and 81.5 kg (SE = 0.60; P < 0.001) for pigs delivered dry, wet/dry, and liquid diets, respectively. Lactic acid bacteria (P < 0.05) and yeast (P < 0.01) counts in troughs were greater for the liquid than the dry diet in both meal and pelleted form. There was also evidence of lysine degradation in the liquid diet but this did not impact pig growth. Feeding the diet in pelleted vs. meal form led to lower hemoglobin and greater white blood cell and neutrophil counts (P < 0.05). To conclude, wet/dry feeding of a pelleted diet is recommended to maximize growth rate while optimizing G:F in grow-finisher pigs.