New Technologies for Glycomic Analysis: Toward a Systematic Understanding of the Glycome
New Technologies for Glycomic Analysis: Toward a Systematic Understanding of the Glycome
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev-anchem-061010-113951
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Mahal, Lara K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Rakus, John F.;Mahal, Lara K.
碳水化合物是最难用高通量方法研究的一类生物分子，这是因为碳水化合物组成的单糖构建块之间的化学相似性、无模板生物合成以及糖蛋白群的聚糖修饰缺乏明确可识别的共识序列。这些分子对于从细胞间通讯到免疫的各种细胞过程至关重要，并且它们在癌症和炎症等疾病状态中发生改变。因此，有一个专门的努力，发展成一个高通量的分析领域，糖组学。在此，我们重点介绍了在糖组学和糖蛋白组学领域应用分离、质谱和微阵列方法的主要进展。这些新的分析技术正在迅速推进我们对糖基化在生物学和疾病中的重要性的认识。
Carbohydrates are the most difficult class of biological molecules to study by high-throughput methods owing to the chemical similarities between the constituent monosaccharide building blocks, template-less biosynthesis, and the lack of clearly identifiable consensus sequences for the glycan modification of cohorts of glycoproteins. These molecules are crucial for a wide variety of cellular processes ranging from cell-cell communication to immunity, and they are altered in disease states such as cancer and inflammation. Thus, there has been a dedicated effort to develop glycan analysis into a high-throughput analytical field termed glycomics. Herein we highlight major advances in applying separation, mass spectrometry, and microarray methods to the fields of glycomics and glycoproteomics. These new analytical techniques are rapidly advancing our understanding of the importance of glycosylation in biology and disease.