How do swimmers control their front crawl swimming velocity? Current knowledge and gaps from hydrodynamic perspectives
How do swimmers control their front crawl swimming velocity? Current knowledge and gaps from hydrodynamic perspectives
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DOI：
10.1080/14763141.2021.1959946
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发表时间：
2021-08-25
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Gonjo, Tomohiro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Takagi, Hideki;Nakashima, Motomu;Gonjo, Tomohiro
本研究的目的是回顾文献的前爬泳生物力学，重点是在不同的游泳速度的推进力和阻力。最近的研究表明，阻力的增加与速度的立方成比例，这意味着一个熟练的技术，以最大限度地减少阻力（和最大限度地提高推进力）是特别重要的短跑运动员。为了提高速度，游泳运动员增加划水频率。然而，实验和模拟研究表明，存在一个最大频率，超过该频率，游泳者不能进一步增加游泳速度，这是由于手的迎角的变化降低了其推进力。虽然实验和模拟研究的结果是一致的手臂动作对推进力的影响，调查结果的影响踢运动是相互矛盾的。一些研究表明，在高速度游泳时，踢腿对推进力有积极的影响，而另一些研究则得出了相反的结果。因此，这篇综述有助于了解如何优化上肢推进力，并表明需要进一步研究，以了解如何在爬泳中优化踢腿动作。
The aim of this study was to review the literature on front crawl swimming biomechanics, focusing on propulsive and resistive forces at different swimming velocities. Recent studies show that the resistive force increases in proportion to the cube of the velocity, which implies that a proficient technique to miminise the resistive (and maximise the propulsive) force is particularly important in sprinters. To increase the velocity in races, swimmers increase their stroke frequency. However, experimental and simulation studies have revealed that there is a maximum frequency beyond which swimmers cannot further increase swimming velocity due to a change in the angle of attack of the hand that reduces its propulsive force. While the results of experimental and simulation studies are consistent regarding the effect of the arm actions on propulsion, the findings of investigations into the effect of the kicking motion are conflicting. Some studies have indicated a positive effect of kicking on propulsion at high swimming velocities while the others have yielded the opposite result. Therefore, this review contributes to knowledge of how the upper-limb propulsion can be optimised and indicates a need for further investigation to understand how the kicking action can be optimised in front crawl swimming.