Designing environment‐friendly chromium‐free Spinel‐Periclase‐Zirconia refractories for Ruhrstahl Heraeus degasser

Designing environment‐friendly chromium‐free Spinel‐Periclase‐Zirconia refractories for Ruhrstahl Heraeus degasser
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为鲁尔斯塔尔贺利氏脱气机设计环保型无铬尖晶石·方镁石·氧化锆耐火材料

DOI:
10.1111/jace.17402
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
3.9
通讯作者:
Bowman, William J.
Bowman, William J.
中科院分区:
材料科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mandal, Somnath;Dileep Kumar, C. J.;Kumar, Devendra;Syed, Komal;Ende, Marie‐Aline;Jung, In‐Ho;Finkeldei, Sarah C.;Bowman, William J.

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Ruhrstahl Heraeus(RH)脱气器在全球范围内用于制造汽车和铁路应用的真空处理钢。RH脱气器中使用的直接结合镁Chrome耐火材料的最新环保无铬替代品价格昂贵,并且科学文献缺乏材料化学、加工和功能特性之间的直接相关性。我们设计了一种新的尖晶石-方镁石-15重量% ZrO 2组合物,其中含有14重量%的原位尖晶石,其具有7.2 MPa的热断裂模量(1500℃),超过了所有报道的用于RH脱气器应用的无Cr耐火材料。扫描电子显微镜结合能量色散谱(SEM-EDS)的研究将这种改善归因于形成低熔点相的颗粒间Ca和Si含量的减少,这得到了FactSage热力学模拟的支持。尖晶石-方镁石组合物SP表现出上级耐热冲击性,因为热冲击引起的裂纹被由于热膨胀失配而形成的MgO颗粒周围的断裂孔隙阻止。在1650°C下被RH炉渣腐蚀的SP组合物的SEM-EDS分析显示,Fe是最具腐蚀性的元素,其次是Ca和Si。相反的共识,据观察,耐腐蚀性的熔融氧化镁比氧化锆。立方氧化锆相减少氧化铁渗透局部结合CaO从RH渣成固溶体,并形成一个CaZrO 3相,创造一个“渣障”。最后,孔隙大小被发现大大加剧炉渣渗透以下Washburn渗滤模型。
Ruhrstahl Heraeus (RH) degassers are globally used to manufacture vacuum‐treated steel for automotive and railroad applications. The state‐of‐the‐art environment‐friendly chromium‐free alternatives for direct‐bonded magnesia‐chrome refractories used in RH degassers are expensive, and the scientific literature lacks direct correlation between materials chemistry, processing, and functional properties. We have designed a novel spinel‐periclase‐15 wt% ZrO2composition containing 14 wt% in situ spinel which exhibited 7.2 MPa hot modulus of rupture (1500℃), exceeding all reported Cr‐free refractories for RH degasser applications. Investigation with scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS) attributed this improvement to a reduction in interparticle Ca and Si content which forms low‐melting phases, as supported by FactSage thermodynamic simulations. The spinel‐periclase composition SP exhibited superior thermal shock resistance because thermal shock‐induced cracks were stopped by fracture porosity around MgO particles, formed due to thermal expansion mismatch. SEM‐EDS analysis of the SP composition corroded by RH slag at 1650°C revealed that Fe is the most corrosive element followed by Ca and Si. Contradicting the consensus, it was observed that corrosion resistance of fused MgO was better than that of ZrO2. The cubic ZrO2phase reduced FeOxpenetration locally by incorporating CaO from the RH slag into a solid solution and forming a CaZrO3phase creating a “slag barrier”. Lastly, pore size was found to greatly exacerbate slag penetration following the Washburn percolation model.
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